Human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota: Molecular structures, utilization strategies and immune function

Zhang, Bin; Li, Long‐Qing; Liu, Feitong; Wu, Jianyong

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118738

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Changes in the gut microbiome can lead to changes in host immunity and barrier function, which can contribute to NEC clinical signs and symptoms ( Li et al., 2014 ). Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a specific type of non-digestible carbohydrates found in mother’s milk that aid in the formation of the infant gut microbiome, epithelial barrier, and immune system ( Akkerman et al., 2019 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ). HMOs are of great importance in the prevention and treatment of NEC.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Immune System Diseases Of Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Link and Disease Between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in Infants

Zhang

Liao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The human gut microbiome is important for human health. The development of stable microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract is closely related to the early growth and development of host immunity. After the birth of a baby, immune cells and the gut microbiome mature in parallel to adapt to the complex gut environment. The gut microbiome is closely linked to the immune system and influences each other. This interaction is associated with various diseases in infants and young children, such as asthma, food allergies, necrotizing colitis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, the composition of the infant gut microbiome can predict the risk of disease development and progression. At the same time, the composition of the infant gut microbiome can be regulated in many ways and can be used to prevent and treat disease in infants by modulating the composition of the infant gut microbiome. The most important impacts on infant gut microbiota are maternal, including food delivery and feeding. The differences in the gut microbiota of infants reflect the maternal gut microbiota, which in turn reflects the gut microbiota of a given population, which is clinically significant.

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Section: Gut Microbiome and Immune System Diseases Of Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Link and Disease Between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in Infants

Zhang

Liao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…It is evident, that GOS preparations can have beneficial effects on microbiota. At the present time, however, we do not have sufficient comparative studies to form any conclusions over the extent to which the health benefits are influenced by structure (Ambrogi et al, 2021;Logtenberg et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Acetate Propionate Butyratementioning

confidence: 86%

Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome

Rastall

Díez-Municio

Forssten³

et al. 2022

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Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems.

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“…infantis possesses all the critical genes required for the complete internal degradation of HMOs and has been found to consume HMOs over other carbohydrates preferentially [ 8 , 23 ]. B. bifidum and B. breve are endowed with only very limited capabilities in utilizing HMOs [ 23 ]. It is evident that B. longum subsp.…”

Section: What Are the ‘Infant-type’ Bifidobacterium ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is evident that B. longum subsp. infantis is the most effective consumer of HMOs, and B. bifidum and B. breve can also partially consume HMOs, which are commonly found in breastfed infants [ 23 ]. However, B. longum subsp.…”

Section: What Are the ‘Infant-type’ Bifidobacterium ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, HMOs are emerging in infant formulae to mimic natural human milk [ 25 ]. However, the infant formulae currently on the market, even the most premium ones, cannot provide the full range of HMOs [ 23 ]. More than 200 HMOs have been identified in breast milk, while only 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) are the two major HMOs applied to high-end and ultra-high-end infant formulae [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: What Are the ‘Infant-type’ Bifidobacterium ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal ‘Infant-Type’ Bifidobacteria Mediate Immune System Development in the First 1000 Days of Life

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Immune system maturation begins early in life, but few studies have examined how early-life gut microbiota colonization educates the neonatal immune system. Bifidobacteria predominate in the intestines of breastfed infants and metabolize human milk oligosaccharides. This glycolytic activity alters the intestinal microenvironment and consequently stimulates immune system maturation at the neonatal stage. However, few studies have provided mechanistic insights into the contribution of ‘infant-type’ Bifidobacterium species, especially via metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we highlight the first 1000 days of life, which provide a window of opportunity for infant-type bifidobacteria to educate the neonatal immune system. Furthermore, we discuss the instrumental role of infant-type bifidobacteria in the education of the neonatal immune system by inducing immune tolerance and suppressing intestinal inflammation, and the potential underlying mechanism of this immune effect in the first 1000 days of life. We also summarize recent research that suggests the administration of infant-type bifidobacteria helps to modify the intestinal microecology and prevent the progress of immune-mediated disorders.

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Human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota: Molecular structures, utilization strategies and immune function

Cited by 72 publications

References 97 publications

The Complex Link and Disease Between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in Infants

The Complex Link and Disease Between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in Infants

Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome

Intestinal ‘Infant-Type’ Bifidobacteria Mediate Immune System Development in the First 1000 Days of Life

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