Human milk vitamin content after pasteurisation, storage, or tube feeding.

Zoeren‐Grobben, Diny van; Schrijver, J.; Berg, Henk van den; Berger, HM

doi:10.1136/adc.62.2.161

Cited by 106 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…O processo de pasteurização não diminui o teor nutricional do leite humano, porém diminui sua função bioativa especí-fica 18 . Os processos de congelamento e descongelamento, por sua vez, acarretam rompimento das membranas dos glóbulos de gordura, propiciando sua coalescência e facilitando sua aderência às paredes dos frascos armazenadores e dos acessórios utilizados para sua administração ao RN (equipos e seringas de plástico) 9,12,[19][20][21] . Em conseqüência, a infusão de leite por gastróclise, o posicionamento horizontal das seringas de infusão e a não-homogeneização do leite antes da administração podem gerar perdas de até 34% no teor de gordura 4,22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Vieira¹,

Moreira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To evaluate and compare the energy content in fresh and processed human milk administered to very low birth weight infants born in the Institute Fernandes Figueira.Methods: Samples of 0.5 ml of fresh and processed human milk were evaluated as for the fat percentile and energy content, which was calculated by mathematical formulas. Four hundred and sixty two human milk samples were analyzed, 401 of processed human milk and 61 of fresh human milk. Results:The median and the standard deviation of the fat percentile checked was 2.9±1.2% in the processed samples and 8.9±4.6% in the fresh samples (p < 0.001). The median and the standard deviation of the energy content calculated was 53.6±7.2 kcal/100 ml in processed samples and 85.9±27.9 kcal/100 ml in fresh samples (p < 0.001). Conclusion:The processed human milk samples had less energy content and less fat than fresh human milk samples suggesting that the complex processes of the human milk manipulation and administration can determine losses in energy content. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar e comparar o conteúdo energético do leite humano cru e do leite humano processado oferecidos aos recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento menor que 1.500 g no Instituto Fernandes Figueira.Métodos: Foram avaliadas alíquotas com 0,5 ml de leite humano cru e de leite humano processado, determinando-se primeiramente o crematócrito e, posteriormente, por meio da aplicação de fórmulas matemáticas, o teor energético. Foram avaliadas 462 amostras de leite humano, sendo 401 de leite humano processado e 61 de leite humano cru.Resultados: A média do percentual de gordura obtida foi de 3,0±1,2% no leite humano processado e de 8,9±4,6% no leite humano cru (p < 0,001). A média do conteúdo energético calculado foi de 53,6±7,2 kcal/100 ml no leite humano processado e de 85,9±27,9 kcal/100 ml no leite humano cru (p < 0,001).Conclusão: Foram encontrados percentual de gordura e conteúdo energético significativamente menores no leite humano processado em relação ao leite humano cru, sugerindo que o processo de manipulação pode afetar a qualidade do leite humano processado ofertado aos recém-nascidos. J Pediatr (Rio J) IntroduçãoO leite materno é o alimento ideal para qualquer recém-nascido (RN) em função de sua digestibilidade, composição química balanceada e capacidade de gerar imunidade 1 . Seu uso tem sido muito incentivado nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) neonatal, incluindo tanto o leite extraído do seio materno e imediatamente administrado ao RN (leite humano cru LHC) quanto o proveniente de banco de leite (leite humano processado LHP).Nas situações em que a mãe se encontra separada do seu bebê ou quando o bebê não é capaz de sugar o seio, a coleta e a estocagem do leite materno têm sido estimuladas 2 .No entanto, o uso do leite materno exclusivo para alimentar o recém-nascido com muito baixo peso (RNM-BP) tem sido associado a um ganho de peso inadequado e a um déficit nutricional durante a hospitalização 3 . Vários motivos podem contribuir para esta má performance, princip...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Vieira¹,

Moreira²,

Rocha³

et al. 2004

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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“…For lactation, they added to this PRI an extra 2.7 mg α-TE/day to compensate for 'vitamin E' secretion in human milk, based on a breast milk volume of 0.8 L/day (Jansson et al, 1981;Van Zoeren-Grobben et al, 1987)). (2004) did not report specific reference values for pregnant or lactating women.…”

Section: Pregnancy and Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin E as α‐tocopherol

Products¹

2015

EFS2

111

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for vitamin E. In this Opinion, the Panel considers vitamin E as α-tocopherol only. The Panel considers that Average Requirements (ARs) and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) for vitamin E (as α-tocopherol) cannot be derived for adults, infants and children, and therefore defines Adequate Intakes (AIs), based on observed intakes in healthy populations with no apparent α-tocopherol deficiency in the EU. This approach considers the range of average intakes of α-tocopherol and of α-tocopherol equivalents estimated by EFSA from dietary surveys in children and adults in nine countries. The Panel notes the uncertainties in the available food composition and consumption data, the fact that most EU food composition databases contain values for vitamin E as α-tocopherol equivalents, as well as the contribution of average α-tocopherol intakes to average α-tocopherol equivalent intakes in these countries. For adults, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 13 mg/day for men and 11 mg/day for women. For children aged 1 to < 3 years, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 6 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 3 to < 10 years, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 9 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 10 to < 18 years, an AI for α-tocopherol is set at 13 mg/day for boys and 11 mg/day for girls. For infants aged 7-11 months, an AI for α-tocopherol of 5 mg/day is derived by extrapolating upwards from the estimated α-tocopherol intake in exclusively breast-fed infants aged 0-6 months and rounding. For pregnant or lactating women, the Panel considers that there is no evidence for an increased dietary α-tocopherol requirement, and the same AI is set as for non-pregnant non-lactating women. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin. Previously, the term vitamin E was used as the generic term for four tocopherols (α, β, γ, δ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ), which are organic compounds that possess antioxidant activity to a different degree. Factors have been used to convert food contents of tocopherols and tocotrienols to α-tocopherol equivalents. In this Opinion, based on the available evidence and in line with other authoritative bodies, the Panel considers vitamin E as being α-tocopherol only. Its naturally occurring form is RRR-α-tocopherol. Commercially available forms of α-tocopherol include RRR-α-tocopherol, a synthetic form that contains in equal proportions the eight stereoisomers of α-tocopherol (RRR-, RRS-, RSR-, RSS-and their enantiomers SSS-, SSR-, SRS-, SRR-) and is called all-rac-α-tocopherol, and their esterified forms. © EuropeanEfficient α-tocopherol absorption requires the presence of fat. The Panel considered that the average α-tocopherol absorption from a usual diet is about 75 %. This is based on the means observed in two balance studies and in a kinetic study using a multi-compartmental model of α-tocopherol metabolism. After its intestinal absorption, α-toc...

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“…Les vitamines liposolubles demeurent inchangées. Les vitamines hydrosolubles n'ont pas toutes été étudiées, mais certaines se dégradent après la pasteurisation (38,39).…”

Section: Les Effets De La Pasteurisation Sur Le Lait Humainunclassified

Les banques de lait humain

Kim¹,

Unger²

2010

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Human milk vitamin content after pasteurisation, storage, or tube feeding.

Cited by 106 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for vitamin E as α‐tocopherol

Les banques de lait humain

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