Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing in developed countries

Bhatla, Neerja; Singla, Sham; Awasthi, Divya

doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.11.003

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Hastalık, subklinik veya asemptomatik enfeksiyonlardan anogenital kanserlere kadar değişen geniş bir klinik spektruma sahiptir 1 . Günümüzde HPV enfeksiyonunun, invazif servikal kanserin temel etiyolojik faktörü olduğu bilinmekte, servikal kanserlerin %99.7'sinde, servikal kanser prekürsör lezyonlarının ise %95'inde yüksek riskli HPV-DNA varlığı saptanmaktadır 3,4 . Dünya genelinde, kadınlar arasında üçüncü en yaygın görülen kanser türü olan servikal kanser (SK), az gelişmiş ülkelerde genç kadın (15-44 yaş arası) ölümlerinin en önemli nedenidir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Investigation of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Women in Eskişehir, Turkey by Pap Smear, Hybrid Capture 2 Test and Consensus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Typing with Pyrosequencing Method

Aslan¹,

Us²,

Kaşifoğlu³

et al. 2016

Mikrobiyol Bul

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have a broad range of clinical spectrum from subclinical or asymptomatic infection to anogenital carcinoma. The detection of HPV-DNA and determination of the risk groups in cervical cancer (CC) screening is very important because CC is considered to be a preventable illness which is the third most common cancer type of women in the world. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA in women by two different molecular methods and to compare their results together with the results of cytology, in Eskişehir, Central Anatolia, Turkey. A total of 1081 women aged between 30-65 years, who applied to Eskişehir Early Diagnosis, Screening and Training of Cancer Center (KETEM) for screening were included in the study. Three separate cervical samples were collected simultaneously from the participants for cytologic examination and molecular studies. In the first step of the study, all cervical samples were investigated for the presence of HPV-DNA by Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2; Qiagen, Germany) method. In the second part of the study, consensus real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Takara Bio Inc., Japan) was performed in 152 samples which included HC2 positive and randomly selected negative samples, and then the HPV genotypes were detected by using a commercial kit based on pyrosequencing method (Diatech Pharmacogenetics S.R.L, Italy). In the first part of the study, HC2 test was found positive in 3% (32/1081) of the women, while in 4.4% (47/1081) Pap smear was positive alone or with HC2 test. Five (0.5%) samples yielded positive results with both of the methods, and four of them were positive for high risk HPV types. Cytology results were negative in 19 out of 23 (23/1081, 2.1%) samples that were reported as high risk HPV by HC2 test. On the other hand, 42 (42/1081, 3.9%) samples that were positive by cytology yielded negative results by HC2 test. In the second part of the study, 32 (21.1%) of 152 selected samples were positive by HC2 test, 40 (26.3%) were positive by Pap smear, and 53 (34.9%) were positive by consensus RT-PCR. All of the 32 samples that were positive by HC2 were also positive by RT-PCR, however 21 samples that were positive by RT-PCR were negative by HC2 test. Among 40 samples that were positive (abnormal) by Pap smear, HPV-DNA was positive in nine (22.5%) by RT-PCR and in five (12.5%) by HC2 test, but HPV-DNA was not detected in 31 (77.5%) samples by both of the tests. Genotyping of the strains could be performed in 44 samples, and the most common type detected was HPV type 16 (n=15, 34.1%), followed by type 90 (n=11, 25%) and type 18 (n= 4, 9.1%). In our study, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Pap smear method were estimated as 16.1%, 96%, 10.6% and 97.5%, respectively, based on the HC2 results which was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, a significant degree of concordance was detected between HC2 and concensus RT-PCR methods (Cohen's kappa: 0.665). In conclusion, regard...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Investigation of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Women in Eskişehir, Turkey by Pap Smear, Hybrid Capture 2 Test and Consensus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Typing with Pyrosequencing Method

Aslan¹,

Us²,

Kaşifoğlu³

et al. 2016

Mikrobiyol Bul

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is being hypothesized that in the near future HPV testing will be increasingly used as the primary screening test, and cervical cytology will be reserved to triage HPV‐positive women for colposcopy 2. Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2, Qiagen, Gaithersburg, MD) has been most widely evaluated among the clinical HPV detection technologies globally and in India 3. Information on the population prevalence of high‐risk HPV as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) is crucial to understand the burden of disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2, Qiagen, Gaithersburg, MD) has been most widely evaluated among the clinical HPV detection technologies globally and in India. 3 Information on the population prevalence of high-risk HPV as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) is crucial to understand the burden of disease. This not only helps in planning appropriate screening strategies but also provides key inputs for resource allocation and quality assurance of the program.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias in a previously unscreened population—A pooled analysis from three studies

Basu

Mittal

Bhaumik³

et al. 2012

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Population prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) is an important indicator to judge the disease burden in the community, to monitor the performance of cervical cancer screening program and to assess the impact of HPV vaccination program. India being a country without any cervical cancer screening program has no published data on the population prevalence of CIN and only a few large community-based studies to report the high-risk HPV prevalence. The objective of our study was to study HPV and CIN prevalence in a previously unscreened population. We pooled together the results of three research studies originally designed to assess the performance of visual inspection after acetic acid application and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2). Nearly 60% of the screened women had colposcopy irrespective of their screening test results. The diagnosis and grading of cervical neoplasias were based on histology. The age standardized prevalence of HPV by HC 2 test was 6.0%. Age-adjusted prevalence of CIN1 and CIN2 was 2.3% and 0.5%, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of CIN3 was 0.4% and that of invasive cancer was 0.2%. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was relatively low in the population we studied, which is reflected in the low prevalence of high-grade CIN. The prevalence of CIN3 remained constant across age groups due to absence of screening.Cervical cancer is still the number one cancer among Indian women. Due to the absence of an effective cervical cancer screening program, 130,000 new cases are detected every year in the country.1 The extraordinary advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in the recent times have facilitated the development of novel human papillomavirus (HPV)-based screening strategies that have potential to overcome many of the limitations of cervical cytology. It is being hypothesized that in the near future HPV testing will be increasingly used as the primary screening test, and cervical cytology will be reserved to triage HPV-positive women for colposcopy.2 Hybrid Capture 2 (HC 2, Qiagen, Gaithersburg, MD) has been most widely evaluated among the clinical HPV detection technologies globally and in India.3 Information on the population prevalence of high-risk HPV as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) is crucial to understand the burden of disease. This not only helps in planning appropriate screening strategies but also provides key inputs for resource allocation and quality assurance of the program. In the context of HPV and CIN prevalence, the predominantly unscreened population of Indian women is likely to be different from their counterparts in western or other developed Asian countries who have the benefit of regular screening. Population-based information on the burden of cervical precancers is also important to assess the impact of HPV vaccination in the future. In the present publication, we report the population prevalence of high-risk HPV and different grades of CIN estimated from 35,308 women recruited ...

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“…20 Current evidence has shown superiority of HPV testing over cervical cytology as a more-sensitive screening method and for follow-up of women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 75 Detection of HPV DNA has become an established tool for diagnosis and monitoring of HPVrelated disease, 76 given that persistent infection with HPV has been recognized as a significant risk factor for most precancerous lesions and cancers of the cervix. 77 Although testing for HPV DNA in cervical specimens is more sensitive than the Papanicolaou test in detecting high-grade cervical lesions, HPV testing is less specific than cervical cytology, 78 and it should be reserved for the more labor-efficient task of triaging patients with HPV þ test results because most HPV þ tests contain relevant abnormalities that can be evaluated by cervical cytology with sufficient accuracy.…”

Section: Tests Used For Cancer Monitoring or Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Laboratory Test Volumes for Medicare Part B Reimbursements, 2000–2010

Shahangian

Alspach

Astles

et al. 2013

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.—Changes in reimbursements for clinical laboratory testing may help us assess the effect of various variables, such as testing recommendations, market forces, changes in testing technology, and changes in clinical or laboratory practices, and provide information that can influence health care and public health policy decisions. To date, however, there has been no report, to our knowledge, of longitudinal trends in national laboratory test use. Objective.—To evaluate Medicare Part B–reimbursed volumes of selected laboratory tests per 10 000 enrollees from 2000 through 2010. Design.—Laboratory test reimbursement volumes per 10 000 enrollees in Medicare Part B were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (Baltimore, Maryland). The ratio of the most recent (2010) reimbursed test volume per 10 000 Medicare enrollees, divided by the oldest data (usually 2000) during this decade, called the volume ratio, was used to measure trends in test reimbursement. Laboratory tests with a reimbursement claim frequency of at least 10 per 10 000 Medicare enrollees in 2010 were selected, provided there was more than a 50% change in test reimbursement volume during the 2000–2010 decade. We combined the reimbursed test volumes for the few tests that were listed under more than one code in the Current Procedural Terminology (American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois). A 2-sided Poisson regression, adjusted for potential overdispersion, was used to determine P values for the trend; trends were considered significant at P < .05. Results.—Tests with the greatest decrease in reimbursement volumes were electrolytes, digoxin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lithium, with volume ratios ranging from 0.27 to 0.64 (P < .001). Tests with the greatest increase in reimbursement volumes were meprobamate, opiates, methadone, phencyclidine, amphetamines, cocaine, and vitamin D, with volume ratios ranging from 83 to 1510 (P < .001). Conclusions.—Although reimbursement volumes increased for most of the selected tests, other tests exhibited statistically significant downward trends in annual reimbursement volumes. The observed changes in reimbursement volumes may be explained by disease prevalence and severity, patterns of drug use, clinical or laboratory practices, and testing recommendations and guidelines, among others. These data may be useful to policy makers, health systems researchers, laboratory directors, and industry scientists to understand, address, and anticipate trends in laboratory testing in the Medicare population.

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Human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing in developed countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Investigation of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Women in Eskişehir, Turkey by Pap Smear, Hybrid Capture 2 Test and Consensus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Typing with Pyrosequencing Method

Investigation of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Women in Eskişehir, Turkey by Pap Smear, Hybrid Capture 2 Test and Consensus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Typing with Pyrosequencing Method

Prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias in a previously unscreened population—A pooled analysis from three studies

Trends in Laboratory Test Volumes for Medicare Part B Reimbursements, 2000–2010

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