Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Invasive Cervical Cancer in Pakistan

Abstract

Few studies have assessed the burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Pakistan. We aim to provide specific information on HPV-type distribution in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in the country. A total of 280 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were consecutively selected from Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (Lahore, Pakistan). HPV-DNA was detected by SPF10 broad-spectrum PCR followed by DNA enzyme immunoassay and genotyping by LiPA25. HPV-DNA prevalence was 87.5% (95%CI: 83.0–91.1), with 96.1% of cases histologically classified as squamous cell carcinoma. Most of the HPV-DNA positive cases presented single infections (95.9%). HPV16 was the most common type followed by HPV18 and 45. Among HPV-DNA positive, a significantly higher contribution of HPV16/18 was detected in Pakistan (78.4%; 72.7–83.3), compared to Asia (71.6%; 69.9–73.4) and worldwide (70.8%; 69.9–71.8) and a lower contribution of HPVs31/33/45/52/58 (11.1%; 7.9–15.7 vs. 19.8%; 18.3–21.3 and 18.5%; 17.7–19.3). HPV18 or HPV45 positive ICC cases were significantly younger than cases infected by HPV16 (mean age: 43.3, 44.4, 50.5 years, respectively). A routine cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination program does not yet exist in Pakistan; however, the country could benefit from national integrated efforts for cervical cancer prevention and control. Calculated estimations based on our results show that current HPV vaccine could potentially prevent new ICC cases.

HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India

“…It is similar to a study in French population [14]. The potential impact of the nonavalent vaccine in Asia and worldwide are 91.5 and 89.5% respectively [44]. Inconsistent with other studies, our findings also show an increase in the efficacy of vaccine with the switch from bivalent or tetravalent to the nonavalent vaccine [14, 45].…”

Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical cancer in Maiduguri, Nigeria

“…Overall, the five most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes in this study in decreasing order of frequency were HPV16, HPV18, HPV45, HPV52 and HPV51. This finding is a global phenomenon most especially for the first three HPVs as reported in several studies across the world [10, 12, 16, 20, 33-35]. HPV16 and HPV18 were the most common HPVs detected in this study and accounted for 39.6% and 19.8% respectively and 59.4% combined.…”

Human papillomavirus infection in females with normal cervical cytology: Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis among women in Punjab, Pakistan

“…These reports presented high prevalence rates of HPV in cervical cancer patients: 88.0%, 87.5%, 88%, and 94.81%. Furthermore, higher prevalence rates of HPV16 and HPV18 have been observed in these patients (Gul et al, 2015;Loya et al, 2016;Raza et al, 2010;Siddiqa et al, 2014). Among noncancer patients, HPV prevalence rates of 2% and 2.8% have been reported in studies conducted in the Pakistani population (Abdullah et al, 2016;Raza et al, 2010).…”