Human Papillomavirus in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Passenger, a Cofactor, or a Causal Agent?

Blanco, Rancés; Carrillo-Beltrán, Diego; Muñoz, Juan Pablo; Corvalán, Alejandro; Calaf, Gloria M.; Aguayo, Francisco

doi:10.3390/biology10080804

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…In breast cancer, HPV has been proposed in several studies as a probable causative agent of breast cancer carcinogenesis [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(HHV-8) has been found in healthy and breast cancer samples [ 4 , 5 ]. However, these results show no pattern, even within the same country, and some are contradictory; moreover, there is no proof of viral breast carcinogenesis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Integrating the HPV genome into the host genome may cause chromosomal instability and trigger carcinogenesis [ 6 , 11 , 12 ]. Identifying HPV DNA in breast cancer samples suggests the possible role of HPV as a mutagen that promotes breast oncogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease

Maldonado-Rodríguez

Hernández-Barrales

Reyes-López

et al. 2022

CIMB

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Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors are associated with this disease’s development. Various research groups worldwide have reported the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in samples of malignant breast tumors. Although its role in mammary carcinogenesis is not fully understood, it is known that the HPV genome, once inserted into host cells, has oncogenic capabilities. The present study aimed to detect the presence of HPV DNA in 116 breast tissue biopsies and classify them according to their histology. It was found that 50.9% of the breast biopsies analyzed were malignant neoplasms, of which 74.6% were histologically classified as infiltrating ductal carcinoma. In biopsies with non-malignant breast disease, fibroadenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (39.1%). Detection of HPV DNA was performed through nested PCR using the external primer MY09/11 and the internal primer GP5+/6+. A hybridization assay genotyped HPV. HPV DNA was identified in 20.3% (12/59) of malignant neoplasms and 35% non-malignant breast disease (16/46). It was also detected in 27.3% (3/11) of breast tissue biopsies without alteration. However, there are no statistically significant differences between these groups and the existence of HPV DNA (p = 0.2521). Its presence was more frequent in non-malignant alterations than in malignant neoplasias. The most frequent genotypes in the HPV-positive samples were low-risk (LR) HPV-42 followed by high-risk (HR) HPV-31.

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“…In breast cancer, HPV has been proposed in several studies as a probable causative agent of breast cancer carcinogenesis [ 4 , 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease

Maldonado-Rodríguez

Hernández-Barrales

Reyes-López

et al. 2022

CIMB

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“…Various recent studies have revealed the composition of the microbiome in breast cancer tissue. Specifically, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common microorganisms present in breast cancers when compared to other normal breast controls [ 60 , 62 , 63 ]. Interestingly, several studies suggest that the HPV might be a critical trigger for breast ductal carcinomas due to its capacity to immortalize resident epithelial cells [ 64 - 66 ].…”

Section: Microbiome: General Facts and Its Role In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome-Immune Axis Therapeutic Effects in Cancer Treatments

Son

Kim

2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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IntroductionCancer, one of the foremost reasons of deaths throughout the world, is a disease whereby some of body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body. In 2020, more than 1.8 million new cancer cases were estimated to be diagnosed and around 606,520 of people died in the United States alone [1]. An enormous variety of cancer types have been reported and studied worldwide. The most common in humans are breast, lung, colon, rectum, and prostate cancers. There are several causes for cancer development in humans, including tobacco use, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, unbalance food intake and lack of physical activity [2,3]. Moreover, there are also biological carcinogens, often carried by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites, reported as the major reasons of cancer development [4]. Despite the massive efforts made in the cancer research field and the remarkable progress seen at the clinical level, cancer treatment and prevention are yet intangible. Besides its urgent need for treatment, cancer dynamics are highly related to the understanding of life itself from genetic to ecological perspectives and a better understanding of cancer per se is crucial for greater knowledge of human biology and scientific advancement. However, due to their cardinal feature of evading the immune system, which delay the design of effective anticancer therapeutic strategies, further advancement is needed for current cancer therapies.Regarding cancer persistence, numerous studies have reported that several factors contribute to the tumor persistence in a steady state immune system. The equilibrium and senescence of patients' immune systems are considered two key mechanisms underlying cancer detection during immunological surveillance [5]. Another possible mechanism influencing cancer immune avoidance is likely related to regulatory T (Treg) cell function or their anti-inflammatory cytokine secretions. These cells are responsible for modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation [6][7][8][9]. Therefore, it is necessary the development of strategies that enhance immune responses under cancer environments to promote the efficacy of current cancer therapies.Recently, microbiota indicating varied microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi and archaea in most living organisms has been shown to exert great potential in affecting human health and disease, particularly controlling the immune system [10][11][12]. Over the last few decades, the microbiome research field has been rapidly evolving and has become a topic of great scientific and public interest, with the development of remarkable tools, such as During the last decades, research and therapeutic methods in cancer treatment have been evolving. As the results, nowadays, cancer patients are receiving several types of treatments, ranging from chemotherapy and radiation therapy to surgery and immunotherapy. In fact, most cancer patients take a combination of current anti-cancer therapies to i...

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“…Furthermore, it was suggested that multiple viral infections may have a role in BC, since some viral sequences were found in human BCs [ 16 ]. Of interest, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections have been proposed as candidates related to BC development [ 17 ]. Finally, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a very ubiquitous persistent virus, has been detected in BCs, and is associated with this cancer [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus Association with Breast Cancer: Evidence and Perspectives

Arias-Calvachi

Blanco

Calaf

et al. 2022

Biology

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an enveloped DNA virus that belongs to the gamma Herpesviridae family. The virus establishes a latent/lytic persistent infection, though it can be involved in cancer development in some subjects. Indeed, evidence supports an etiological role of EBV in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a subset of gastric carcinomas and lymphomas. Additionally, EBV has been detected in breast carcinomas (BCs) although its role has not been established. In this review, we summarize epidemiological information regarding the presence of EBV in BC and we propose mechanistic models. However, additional epidemiological and experimental evidence is warranted to confirm these models.

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Human Papillomavirus in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Passenger, a Cofactor, or a Causal Agent?

Cited by 15 publications

References 145 publications

Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease

Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease

The Microbiome-Immune Axis Therapeutic Effects in Cancer Treatments

Epstein–Barr Virus Association with Breast Cancer: Evidence and Perspectives

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