Human parechovirus are emerging pathogens with broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults

Abstract

Parechoviruses are emerging pathogens of humans often affecting the pediatric age group, with a growing line of evidence implicating them as agents of a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes in adults. However, because many clinicians are not familiar with the manifestation of the infections, they are not included in the list of diagnostic pathogens. Furthermore, due to the indistinguishable feature of the infection compared with other common pathogens, a large number of cases are likely to go unchecked. Some may develop asymptomatic infection and recover without overt clinical disease. In this manuscript, we reviewed available literature on parechovirus infection in adult and summarized information relating to epidemiology, clinical manifestation, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutics. The information provided should help in early case detection and support an evidence‐based clinical decision.

Parechovirus A infection and risk of gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In China, it was found that children who were infected with PeV‐A have approximately 2.3 times increased chance of developing gastrointestinal symptoms in contrast to uninfected controls. This finding may be related to regional differences in the infection of the virus, as a recent review has suggested that disease incidence related to PeV‐A infection varies with a geographical region 84 . By genotype, we interestingly observed that PeV‐A5 and PeV‐A9 were inversely associated with gastroenteritis in children (OR 0.289, 95% CI: 0.099–0.843 and OR 0.149, 95% CI: 0.027–0.828, respectively).…”

“…This finding may be related to regional differences in the infection of the virus, as a recent review has suggested that disease incidence related to PeV-A infection varies with a geographical region. 84 understand prevalent patterns and strain-specific disease associations in the future. In addition, the frequent presence of PeV-A in healthy controls should not lead to the conclusion that PeV-A is not a critical pathogen that caused gastroenteritis.…”

“…Currently, PeV‐A is divided into 19 genotypes, HPeV‐1 to −19, in accordance with the phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 encoding region (https://www.picornaviridae.com/sg4/parechovirus/parechovirus.htm). Since disease manifestations related to many genotypes have been described, ranging from gastroenteritis and respiratory infections to neurological illness, 2–10 PeV‐A was increasingly recognized as an essential viral pathogen resulting in emerging infections, particularly neonates and young infants 9,11–15 …”

“…neurological illness, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] PeV-A was increasingly recognized as an essential viral pathogen resulting in emerging infections, particularly neonates and young infants. 9,[11][12][13][14][15] In 1956, the first identification of parechovirus was detected by Wigand and colleagues during studies on summer diarrhoea.…”

A Human Intestinal Cell Line Suitable for the Propagation of Human Parechovirus Type 1 to 6 with a Clear Cytopathic Effect

“…Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are detected in children and adults and are associated with gastroenteritis and respiratory symptoms. Other symptoms including sepsis, meningitis, and encephalitis have been also reported(1,2).HPeVs are classified as species Parechovirus A, genus Parechovirus, in the family Picornaviridae. Parechovirus A is currently subdivided into 19 types, HPeV-1-19.…”