“…CD34, 3) differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro , 4) self-renew and exhibit low immunogenicity ( Dominici et al, 2006 ). Over several years, MSCs have gained much attention as a potential therapeutic for several clinical applications such as osteoarthritis, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, kidney injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury and several other diseases ( Parekkadan and Milwid, 2010 ; Saeedi et al, 2019 ; Payandeh et al, 2022 ; Norooznezhad et al, 2022 ; Ullah et al, 2019 ). In addition, MSCs release soluble factors, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes, and microvesicles (MVs) that can collectively act in a paracrine and autocrine fashion to repair tissue and modulate the tissue microenvironment ( Joerger-Messerli et al, 2018 ).…”