Human pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages host Mycobacterium abscessus infection

Mycothione reductase as a potential target in the fight against Mycobacterium abscessus infections

“…Macrophages are natural host cells of Mab during infection ( 12 ). Therefore, the intracellular proliferation of both strains was characterized by setting up an in vitro macrophage assay in which RAW 264.7 macrophages were infected with an MOI of 5 with either Mab WT or Mab ∆ mtr .…”

“…This pathway plays a key role in the protection of mycobacteria against harmful endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by both aerobic respiration and the host’s immune system ( 8 – 10 ). Macrophages, i.e., the primary host cells of MABC during pulmonary disease, will release ROS after phagocytosis to promote bacterial killing ( 11 , 12 ). The main thiol responsible for the neutralization of ROS in mycobacteria is mycothiol (MSH), a low-molecular-weight thiol found only in actinomycetes ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Generation of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages from human pluripotent stem cells to target glioblastoma

“…The presence of RUNX1 and CD44 in these hematopoietic progenitors further confirmed their definitive identity ( Figure 2 B-D). Previous studies generated macrophages from hPSCs with a typical M-CSF treatment at the later stages of differentiation in the presence of other cytokines, 6 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 and other protocols employed M-CSF only after the collection of floating hematopoietic progenitors. 18 , 19 To evaluate whether M-CSF alone is sufficient to induce macrophage differentiation from our hPSC-derived myeloid progenitors, day 12 cells were subjected to further differentiation with or without M-CSF and subjected for flow cytometry analysis of CD14 and CD11b expression at day 32.…”

‘Off the shelf’ immunotherapies: Generation and application of pluripotent stem cell‐derived immune cells

“…A feeder‐free, chemically defined monolayer culture system has been developed in which cells are maintained on tissue culture dishes coated with growth factor‐reduced Matrigel 27 . Other groups have recently reported on the scheme of monolayer differentiation strategies 28,36,91,92 . However, due to the required purification steps and/or adhesion‐based culture conditions, these protocols do not allow the generation of clinically relevant quantities of iPSC‐derived cells.…”

“… 27 Other groups have recently reported on the scheme of monolayer differentiation strategies. 28 , 36 , 91 , 92 However, due to the required purification steps and/or adhesion‐based culture conditions, these protocols do not allow the generation of clinically relevant quantities of iPSC‐derived cells. Lachmann's group reported a technology based on a 3D suspended stirred tank bioreactor that serves as a scalable and stable production platform to deliver large‐quantity, highly pure, and functional iPSC‐derived macrophages.…”