Human T cell leukaemia virus associated lymphoproliferative disease: report of two cases in Nigeria.

Williams, Christopher K.; Alabi, G. O.; Junaid, T.A.; Saxinger, Carl; Gallo, Robert C.; Blayney, DouglasW; Blattner, William A.; Greaves, Melvyn F.

doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6429.1495

Cited by 66 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[16][17][18] Our study compared the effectiveness of diazepam versus placebo in the management of generalised anxiety over a six week double blind period in a primary care setting. Withdrawal reactions from diazepam were investigated during a two week withdrawal period, when single blind placebo was substituted for the double blind active treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and other characteristics of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-I) and AIDS (HTLV-III) in Trinidad.

Bartholomew¹,

Charles²,

Saxinger³

et al. 1985

BMJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and other characteristics of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-I) and AIDS (HTLV-III) in Trinidad.

Bartholomew¹,

Charles²,

Saxinger³

et al. 1985

BMJ

Self Cite

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“…24,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] To our knowledge, this study represents the first series of cutaneous T cell lymphomas reported from tropical Africa and the Sahelian region. We demonstrate that all types of CTCL, including classic mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, pleomorphic CTCL and acute or smoldering adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma are present in such a geographical area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas: mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome and HTLV-I-associated adult T cell leukemia (ATL) in Mali, West Africa: a clinical, pathological and immunovirological study of 14 cases and a review of the African ATL cases

et al. 1998

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Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) are rare lymphoproliferative diseases, which are frequently suspected to be of viral origin. As very few data were available concerning cutaneous T cell lymphomas in tropical Africa, we undertook a clinical, histopathological, immunological and viro-molecular study of patients with a clinical diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma, in Bamako, Mali. While prior to this study, no case of CTCL had been reported in this country, 14 patients (five women, nine men; mean age 58 years) with a diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma were seen over a period of 30 months (1992-1994) in the only dermatological department in Mali. Clinically, the most frequent pattern was an infiltrated erythrodermia similar to Sezary syndrome. Nodular lesions and/or plaques were rarely observed. All these cutaneous tumors were T cell lymphoproliferations, only one expressing the CD8 + antigen. A comprehensive analysis of all the available data permitted characterization of three cases of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) associated with HTLV-I (one definitive case, of leukemic type, with demonstration of clonal integration of HTLV-I proviral genome and two probable ATL cases), three cases of Sezary syndrome (SS), two cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) and five cases of pleomorphic cutaneous lymphoma. In one case, the differentiation between MF and pleomorphic cutaneous lymphoma could not be established. HTLV-I serological and/or molecular markers were restricted to the three ATL cases. From the unique definitive ATL case, a T cell line was established from culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sequence analysis of the env gene and the U3-LTR region demonstrated that the virus present in this patient belonged to the cosmopolitan subtype A. Thus, we report here the first evidence of HTLV-I infection and associated ATL in Mali. This is the second ATL case described for the whole Sahelian region (one ATL of the lymphoma type was reported previously in a Mauritanian patient). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the main types of CTCL described in Europe and North America are also present in this African area and that the prevalence of these diseases is greatly underestimated in such regions. Furthermore, no association was observed between HTLV-I/II infection and SS, MF or pleomorphic cutaneous lymphoma in Mali in contrast to other studies.

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“…Epidemiological evidence shows that HTLV-I cartiers are mainly distributed among Japanese in southeast Asian countries [63], but are also found among Japanese in Hawaii [64], Melanesians in Papua New Guinea [16], and blacks in central Africa [12][13][14] and the Caribbean Basin [8]. It was suggested that HTLV-I was introduced into Japan by Portuguese seamen who traveled with blacks from Europe to Japan at the end of the 16th century, and then spread to Kyushu and south Shikoku [65].…”

Section: World-wide Distribution Of Htl V-i Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, however, it was revealed that ATL patients are widely distributed throughout the world (Fig. 3); that is, ATL occurs among blacks in the Caribbean Basin [8][9][10][11], central Africa [12][13][14], and the southeastern part of the United States [15], Melanesian in Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu [16], and whites in southern Italy [17]. In the present paper, epidemiological studies focusing mainly on ATL in Japan are reviewed and compared to other countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant lymphomas in Japan: Epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

Tajima

1988

Cancer Metast Rev

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The incidence of malignant lymphomas in Japan is relatively low compared to that in western European countries and the United States. However, in limited areas in Japan a specific type of lymphoid malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), is highly prevalent, and there are also many healthy carriers of HTLV-I in the same areas. A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I showed that the age-specific proportion of healthy HTLV-I carriers in these ATL-endemic areas increased with age, especially over 40, and was higher in females than in males. Three main routes of HTLV-I transmission are recognized: 1) vertical transmission from mother to child mainly through breast milk; 2) horizontal transmission from man to woman through semen, and; 3) parenteral transmission from carrier donor to non-carrier recipient. The annual incidence rate of ATL among HTLV-I carriers is estimated at 2.0 in males and 0.5 in females, and the cumulative risk for ATL in HTLV-I carriers during a 70-year life span is 1%-5%. Possible risk factors for ATL in addition to HTLV-I infection were considered, i.e. genetic factors, environmental factors, nutritional condition, thymus involution etc., but none of these were found to be clearly associated with ATL. To determine whether there exist particularly susceptible hosts for ATL in the ATL endemic areas, HLA types were examined, but no conclusive results on the positive relationships between HLA types and ATL manifestation or HTLV-I infection were obtained. From follow-up studies on the age-specific distribution of HTLV-I carriers in Japan, it is now speculated that the HTLV-I infection rate might have decreased naturally in the more recent generational cohort groups, even in the ATL-endemic areas. However, ATL in Japan is an important subject for study in the field of cancer epidemiology, and several trial intervention programs for the prevention of ATL, such as controls of vertical transmission from mother to child through breast milk, are now ongoing in the ATL-endemic areas of Japan.

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Human T cell leukaemia virus associated lymphoproliferative disease: report of two cases in Nigeria.

Cited by 66 publications

References 5 publications

Racial and other characteristics of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-I) and AIDS (HTLV-III) in Trinidad.

Racial and other characteristics of human T cell leukemia/lymphoma (HTLV-I) and AIDS (HTLV-III) in Trinidad.

Cutaneous T cell lymphomas: mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome and HTLV-I-associated adult T cell leukemia (ATL) in Mali, West Africa: a clinical, pathological and immunovirological study of 14 cases and a review of the African ATL cases

Malignant lymphomas in Japan: Epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

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