Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Literature and Role in Periodontal Regeneration

Abstract

Periodontal disease can cause irreversible damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as the root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, eventually leading to tooth loss. While standard periodontal treatments are usually helpful in reducing disease progression, they cannot repair or replace lost periodontal tissue. Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating intraosseous and furcation defects to varied degrees. Cell-based treatment for periodontal regeneration will become more efficient and predictable as tissue engineering and progenitor cell biology advance, surpassing the limitations of present therapeutic techniques. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types when stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested for periodontal regeneration in vitro and in humans, with promising results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess a great regenerative and therapeutic potential. Their added benefits comprise ease of collection, endless source of stem cells, less immunorejection, and affordability. Further, their collection does not include the concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The purpose of this review is to address the most recent findings about periodontal regenerative mechanisms, different stem cells accessible for periodontal regeneration, and UC-MSCs and their involvement in periodontal regeneration.

Bone repair and key signalling pathways for cell-based bone regenerative therapy: A review

“…Nevertheless, the discovery of MSCs from noninvasive sources such as adipose tissue, dental pulp, periosteum, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord provide alternative options for the isolation of MSCs. 14 , 21 , 22 There are also a few potential sites for the isolation of MSCs within the craniofacial region. Accordingly, various types of dental SCs have been isolated, characterised, and studied such as dental pulp SCs (DPSCs), 23 SCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), 24 periodontal ligament SCs, 25 SCs from apical papilla, 26 and dental follicle progenitor cells.…”

Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury

“…The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes cannot be overlooked in exosome-related treatment techniques [ 174 , 175 , 176 ]. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC) have been frequently recognized for their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, particularly for the bioactive chemicals they contain for tissue repair and the management of inflammation [ 177 , 178 ]. Han et al discovered that hucMSC-derived exosomes showed a remarkable tissue regeneration potential in rats suffering from traumatic pancreatitis (trauma-induced non-infectious AP) [ 179 ].…”

Molecular Process of Stem Cells in Modern Biology

“…Studies have attempted to explain why these cells behave a certain way, but many mysteries remain unsolved. The mechanisms of self-renewal, differentiation, and cell proliferation, as well as the underlying signaling pathways, have all been the subject of recent advances in our understanding of the basic biology of these processes (27).…”