Humusica 1, article 3: Essential bases – Quick look at the classification

Zanella, Augusto; Ponge, Jean‐François; Waal, Rein de; Ferronato, Chiara; Nobili, Maria De; Juilleret, Jérôme

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.05.025

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The sequence of O-layers observed under both forest types could be classified as Hemimoder, according to Zanella et al [20]. Hemimoders are humus systems in which biological activity and organic matter mineralization are limited by environmental constraints such as low temperatures and/or acidic conditions [29]. …”

Section: Organic Layers Morphology and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Topsoil Properties after Centennial Scots Pine Afforestation in a European Beech Forest (NE Spain)

Girona-García

Badía

Martí

2018

Forests

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Abstract:In this work, we studied the effects of centenary Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) afforestation on topsoil properties conducted in a deforested area that was previously occupied by a natural European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest. Organic layers and topsoil Ah mineral horizons (0-10 cm) were sampled in the Scots pine and European beech forests of Moncayo Natural Park (north-eastern Spain). The physical (stoniness, aggregate stability, and water repellency persistence and intensity), chemical (total organic C, total N, C/N, pH, and exchangeable Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Al 3+ , and Fe 3+ ), and physicochemical (cation exchange capacity) properties of soil were analyzed. Total organic C and N were also obtained for litter samples. The studied topsoils shared a series of common properties, such as a high stoniness and aggregate stability, very low base content, high cation exchange capacity, and extreme acidity. Soils that developed under the pinewood showed a higher soil water repellency intensity. However, K + content was significantly higher in the beechwood soil. In both forest types, total organic C and N were similar in topsoil and litter (Hemimoder type), although C and N were pooled in different O-layers. Results indicate that pine afforestation in a deforested area was an adequate measure for soil protection since it did not show significant differences in the long term (ca. 100 years) compared to the nearby natural beech stands.

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Section: Organic Layers Morphology and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Topsoil Properties after Centennial Scots Pine Afforestation in a European Beech Forest (NE Spain)

Girona-García

Badía

Martí

2018

Forests

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“…The classification also enables us to recognize vertical and horizontal transitions, or mosaics between the above cited sets of humipedons (Figure 2). [2]) showing all humus systems described in dedicated articles [44,[52][53][54][55][56]. Terrestrial systems are placed at the top of a circle next to the Forests Grasslands title.…”

Section: The Environment In Which the Targeted Humipedon Is Foundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details on "Copyright and Licensing" are available via the following link: https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#10 (accessed on 1 July 2022). [2]) showing all humus systems described in dedicated articles [44,[52][53][54][55][56]. Terrestrial systems are placed at the top of a circle next to the Forests Grasslands title.…”

Section: The Environment In Which the Targeted Humipedon Is Foundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not possible to summarize the classification and complexity of humipedons in a few lines. For a precise general picture on the classification, we recommend reading the article "Essential bases-Quick look at the classification" [54]. More detailed information is published in articles 1 to 15 of two Special Issues [58,59].…”

Section: Figure 2 Slightly Modified Diagram (Modified Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Standardized Morpho-Functional Classification of the Planet’s Humipedons

et al. 2022

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It was time to take stock. We modified the humipedon classification key published in 2018 to make it easier and more practical. This morpho-functional taxonomy of the topsoil (humipedon) was only available in English; we also translated it into French and Italian. A standardized morpho-functional classification of humipedons (roughly the top 30–40 cm of soil: organic and organomineral surface horizons) would allow for a better understanding of the functioning of the soil ecosystem. This paper provides the founding principles of the classification of humipedon into humus systems and forms. With the recognition of a few diagnostic horizons, all humus systems can be determined. The humus forms that make up these humus systems are revealed by measuring the thicknesses of the diagnostic horizons. In the final part of the article, several figures represent the screenshots of a mobile phone or tablet application that allows for a fast recall of the diagnostic elements of the classification in the field. The article attempts to promote a standardized classification of humipedons for a global and shared management of soil at planet level.

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“…Humus forms were classified as described by Hellwig et al [3] according to Ad-hoc-AG Boden [34] and Graefe [35]. Similar to other international humus form classifications (e.g., [36][37][38]), this approach relies on the characterization of organic layers above the mineral soil and of the biogenic soil structure in the mineral soil (details are given in Reference [3]).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Spatial Patterns of Humus Forms in Montane and Subalpine Forests: Implications of Local Variability for Upscaling

et al. 2018

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Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.

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Humusica 1, article 3: Essential bases – Quick look at the classification

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Changes in Topsoil Properties after Centennial Scots Pine Afforestation in a European Beech Forest (NE Spain)

Changes in Topsoil Properties after Centennial Scots Pine Afforestation in a European Beech Forest (NE Spain)

A Standardized Morpho-Functional Classification of the Planet’s Humipedons

Modeling Spatial Patterns of Humus Forms in Montane and Subalpine Forests: Implications of Local Variability for Upscaling

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