Huntington's Disease

Gendelman, Seymour; Gendelman, Howard Eliot; Ikezu, Tsuneya

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72573-4_28

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Numerous heterologous viruses have been demonstrated to activate HIV replication, including adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human herpesvirus 6, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, papillomavirus, papovavirus, and varicella-zoster virus, and some of the viral products responsible have been identified (1,2,8,11,12,16,19,22,27,29,31,32,39). The mechanism by which vaccinia virus activates the HIV LTR is still unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by vaccinia virus

Stellrecht

Sperber

Pogo

1992

J Virol

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A variety of DNA viruses are known to activate gene expression directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In light of the proposed use of recombinant vaccinia virus for HIV-1 vaccines, evaluation of the role of vaccinia virus in HIV-1 activation is warranted. To investigate whether vaccinia virus induces HIV LTR-directed gene expression, transient expression assays in Jurkat cells persistently infected with vaccinia virus (Jvac) using plasmid DNA containing the LTR linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene were performed. CAT activity in Jvac cells was always recorded, although the level appears to fluctuate independently of virus titers. Dual intracytoplasmic staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed that CAT activity was expressed in the infected cells. CAT expression was not due to plasmid replication, since plasmid DNA extracted from Jvac cells 48 h after transfection was restricted only by enzymes which recognize methylated sequences, indicating a prokaryotic source for the DNA. These findings suggest that a factor(s) present in vaccinia virus-infected cells is capable of activating the LTR of HIV-1.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by vaccinia virus

Stellrecht

Sperber

Pogo

1992

J Virol

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“…There is evidence that celts of the monocyte/ macrophage lineage may harbour HIV and thus may play an important role in the dissemination of HIV infection within the body. Infected monoeytes/macrophages seem to be relatively resistant to the cytopathic effect of the virus [40][41][42]. It has been reported that cells ofthemonocytic cell line THP-1 [43], PBMC [44] and monoeytes [45] exposed to reproductive or inactivated HIV could produce IL-l/i.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in cytokine secretion by intestinal mononuclear cells, peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected patients

Steffen

Reinecker

Petersen

et al. 1993

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARY Mononuclear cells of the lamina propria (LpMNC), isolated from endoscopically taken biopsies of the large bowel from AIDS patients, were analysed for their ability to secrete tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), IL‐lβ and IL‐6. Stimulation of LpMNC from normal controls with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) led to a time‐ and dose‐dependent enhancement of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 secretion. In contrast, PWM stimulation of LpMNC from AIDS patients resulted in only a small increase in TNF‐a release. Constitutive secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐6 in these patients was already increased to the concentration range of stimulated cells from normal controls and could not be further increased, probably due to maximal in vivo stimulation. Secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 by peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages from AIDS patients was elevated with or without stimulation compared with normal controls. Obviously, the regulation of TNF‐α secretion is dependent on the microenvironment. Since it is known that interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) may induce the production of TNF‐α, the secretion of this cytokine was examined. Release of IFN‐γ was constitutively and under stimulation lowered in LpMNC from AIDS patients compared with normal controls. Addition of IFN‐γ to LpMNC did not result in enhanced TNF‐α secretion. Our data indicate a defective function of intestinal mononuclear cells in AIDS patients as shown by the diminished TNF‐α secretion.

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“…Diese Riesenzellen scheinen im Nervengewebe eine gute Überlebensfähigkeit zu besitzen. Die Neuropathogenität von HIV könnte verstärkt werden durch die Wirkung von Zytokinen, HIV-Genprodukten, chemotaktischen Faktoren, die zu Gewebeinfiltration mit Einwandern von Entzündungszellen führen oder auch von proteo1ytischen Enzymen, die aUe von den beschriebenen Riesenzellen sezerniert werden können (46,54).…”

Section: Indirekte Wirkung Von Hivaufnervenzellen Durch Virusspezifisunclassified

HIV und Nervensystemmanifestationen: Eine Übersicht

Rr¹,

Bader²,

Gürtler³

et al. 1991

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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Since 1986 the notation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is used for the retroviral agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). At the beginning of the therapeutical interest in the immunodeficiency syndrome have been primarily focussed in the internal complications. 1982 one reported for the first time about nervous system manifestations (NS-M) in HIV-patients; according to the latest reports NS-M are diagnosed in 39-63% of these patients. In this review all important aspects of the pathogenesis, clinic and therapy for the HIV-associated peripheric- and central-neurological (like e.g. acute and chronic meningitis/meningoencephalitis, dementia, opportunistic infections, polyneuropathies and myopathies) and psychiatric diseases are described.

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Huntington's Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by vaccinia virus

Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by vaccinia virus

Differences in cytokine secretion by intestinal mononuclear cells, peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected patients

HIV und Nervensystemmanifestationen: Eine Übersicht

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