HVDC power transmission electrode siting and design

Holt, R.; Dabkowski, John; Hauth, R. L.

doi:10.2172/580585

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thus, any section can be removed from service for maintenance while still permitting at least partial rated load through the remaining sections. The use of distribution cables along the legs of the star is highly recommended for better equalization of current density [19].…”

Section: Design Of Land Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cabling system feeds ground current to each of the vertical elements. A disconnecting switch can be installed at each element to isolate it if needed [19].…”

Section: Design Of Land Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a certain risk of an uneven current density on the outside of the coke filling. Also graphite rods, as SiCrFe rods, cover only a part of the length (or depth) covered by the coke [11], [19]. Anyway, as the coke has far higher electrical conductivity than ground, the trench can be regarded as approximately equipotential.…”

Section: Materials For Land Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground/sea return with electrode systems for HVDC transmission

Marzinotto

Mazzanti

Nervi³

2018

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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Section: Design Of Land Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cabling system feeds ground current to each of the vertical elements. A disconnecting switch can be installed at each element to isolate it if needed [19].…”

Section: Design Of Land Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials For Land Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ground/sea return with electrode systems for HVDC transmission

Marzinotto

Mazzanti

Nervi³

2018

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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“…Currently, their use is widespread in offshore wind parks [5][6][7][8][9]. Many technical guidelines have been written about HVDC interconnections, mainly by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]; the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]; the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]; Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) [43][44][45][46]; Energy Department-Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA [47,48]; Det Norske Veritas (DNV) [49]; and the European Commission [50]. These technical guidelines solve issues such as the con...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The guidelines from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory [47] (pp. [39][40] are descriptive, while in other regulations, they are practically non-existent [49,50].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Simplified Analytical Models for the Electric Field, in Shoreline Pond Electrode Preliminary Design, in the Case of HVDC Transmission Systems

et al. 2022

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In Greece, a new bi-polar high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system with a ground return was designed with nominal characteristics of ±500 kV, 1 GW, between Attica in the continental country and the island of Crete, which is an autonomous power system based on thermal diesel units. The interconnection line has a total length of about 380 km. The undersea section is 330 km long. In this paper, the use of the Aegean Sea as an active part of the ground return, based on shoreline pond electrodes, was proposed to avoid EUR 200 Μ of expenses. According to the general guidelines for HVDC electrode design by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) working group B4.61/2017, the electric field and ground potential rise of shoreline electrodes should be studied to analyze safety, electrical interference and corrosion impacts related to the operation of the electrodes. Two kinds of studies are available; one is a simplified approach based on a spherical/pointed electrode centered at the edge of the seashore and seabed, assuming it to be sloping to the horizontal, and the other is a detailed simulated model using a suitable electric field software package. The first approach usually gives more unfavorable results than the second one, especially in the near electric field, while it can not take into account obstacles, i.e., dams, near to electrode position. The second approach demands a detailed description of the wider installation area, which cannot be available during the preliminary study, significant computational time and considerable financial resources for the purchase of a reliable specialized software package. In this research, a two-step modification of the CIGRE simplified model was proposed. The first modification deals with the obstacles in the near electric field, and the second modification deals with the use of a linear current source (instead of a point one), which can give more accurate results. Additionally, the electric field for complex electrode formation is calculated by applying the superposition method, which can be easily achieved using a common software package, i.e., MATLAB. The proposed simplified approaches were applied on shoreline pond electrode locations for the Attica–Crete HVDC interconnection line (between Stachtoroi island in Attica and Korakia beach in Crete), allowing the preliminary study to be conducted swiftly, giving satisfactory results about electric field gradient, ground potential rise and resistance to remote earth of electrodes stations for the near and far electric field.

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