Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing

Tamer, Tamer Mahmoud

doi:10.2478/intox-2013-0019

Cited by 229 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been showing the beneficial actions of HA treatment, with antiinflammatory, wound healing, chondroprotective, antiangiogenic, anti-ageing and immunosuppressive effects, among the others [51,56,60,115]. This supported the development of a great number of HA-based commercial products, which started with native HA for ophthalmic and arthritic therapy to food supplement, esthetic and cosmetic application.…”

Section: Conclusion Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Extracellular HMW HA (≥ 10 6 Da) is anti-angiogenic, as it is able to inhibit endothelial cell growth [51,60,114]. Additionally, due its viscoelasticity, it acts as lubricating agent in the synovial joint fluid, thus protecting the articular cartilage [115]. HMW HA has also important and beneficial roles in inflammation, tissue injury and repair, wound healing and immunosuppression: it binds fibrinogen and controls the recruitment of inflammatory cells, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the migration of stem cells [60,93,114].…”

Section: Biological Roles Of Ha In Relation To Its Mwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HA is one of the major lubricating agents of the ECM of synovial joint fluid: due to its viscoelasticity, it absorbs mechanical impacts and avoids frictions between the bone-ends [61,82,115]. When the synovial fluid is reduced or inflamed, and HA level decreases, disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis occur.…”

Section: Arthrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyaluronic Acid in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium

Fallacara¹,

Baldini²,

Manfredini³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Since its first isolation in 1934, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied across a variety of research areas. This unbranched glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid is almost ubiquitary in humans and in other vertebrates. HA is involved in many key processes -including cell signaling, wound reparation, tissue regeneration, morphogenesis, matrix organization and pathobiology-, and has unique physico-chemical properties -such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, hygroscopicity and viscoelasticity. For these reasons, exogenous HA has been investigated as drug delivery system and treatment in cancer, ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, urology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetic. To improve and customize its properties and applications, HA can be subjected to chemical modifications: conjugation and crosslinking. The present review gives an overview regarding HA, describing its history, physico-chemical, structural and hydrodynamic properties, and biology -occurrence, biosynthesis (by hyaluronan synthases), degradation (by hyaluronidases and oxidative stress), roles, mechanisms of action and receptors. Furthermore, both conventional and recently emerging methods developed for the industrial production of HA and its chemical derivatization are presented. Finally, the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications of HA and its derivatives are reviewed, reporting examples of HA-based products which currently are on the market or are undergoing further investigations.

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Section: Conclusion Future Trends and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Biological Roles Of Ha In Relation To Its Mwmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hyaluronic Acid in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium

Fallacara¹,

Baldini²,

Manfredini³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…HA structure based on beta linkages allows all of HA bulky groups (the hydroxyls, the carboxylate moieties and the anomeric carbon on the adjacent sugar) to be in sterically favorable equatorial positions, favoring the chemical modification of the polymer. All axial positions, less favorable for chemical derivatization, are occupied by simple hydrogen atoms [96]. When the polymer is in aqueous solution a network of hydrogen bonds is established and maintains the HA chain stiffness.…”

Section: Hyaluronan Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and biotechnology of hyaluronan

et al. 2015

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The hyaluronan (HA) polymer is a critical component of extracellular matrix with a remarkable structure: is a linear and unbranched polymer without sulphate or phosphate groups. It is ubiquitous in mammals showing several biological functions, ranging from cell proliferation and migration to angiogenesis and inflammation. For its critical biological functions the amount of HA in tissues is carefully controlled by different mechanisms including covalent modification of the synthetic enzymes and epigenetic control of their gene expression. The concentration of HA is also critical in several pathologies including cancer, diabetes and inflammation. Beside these biological roles, the structural properties of HA allow it to take advantage of its capacity to form gels even at concentration of 1 % producing scaffolds with very promising applications in regenerative medicine as biocompatible material for advanced therapeutic uses. In this review we highlight the biological aspects of HA addressing the mechanisms controlling the HA content in tissues as well as its role in important human pathologies. In the second part of the review we highlight the different use of HA polymers in the modern biotechnology.

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“…The synovitis is an inflammation-related disease usually linked to rheumatoid arthritis [3], osteoarthritis [4, 5] and viral infections [6]. The inflammation of synovial tissue is accompanied to immune cells infiltration (mainly composed by macrophages and T and B lymphocytes) which initiates an inflammatory response causing pain and discomfort [7] and affecting the normal joint function [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of antigen-induced synovitis in a porcine model: Immunological, arthroscopic and kinetic studies

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSynovitis is an inflammation-related disease linked to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, infections and trauma. This inflammation is accompanied by immune cells infiltration which initiates an inflammatory response causing pain, discomfort and affecting the normal joint function. The treatment of synovitis is based on the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs or biological agents such as platelet rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells. However, the evaluation and validation of more effective therapies of synovitis requires the establishment of clinically relevant animal models.ResultsIn this study, Large White pigs were pre-immunized to evaluate an antigen-induced synovitis. The immune monitoring of synovial fluids in this model allowed us the identification of IL-12p40 and T cell subsets as immune biomarkers. Moreover, the evolution of synovitis was performed by arthroscopic procedures and kinetic analysis. In summary, this paper describes an animal model of antigen-induced synovitis to be used in the evaluation of anti-inflammatory therapies.ConclusionsThe novelty of this paper lies in the development of a clinically relevant model of synovitis which permits the simultaneous evaluation of synovitis from an immunological, surgical and kinetic point of view.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1025-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing

Cited by 229 publications

References 177 publications

Hyaluronic Acid in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium

Hyaluronic Acid in the 3<sup>rd</sup> Millennium

Biology and biotechnology of hyaluronan

Evaluation of antigen-induced synovitis in a porcine model: Immunological, arthroscopic and kinetic studies

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