Hyaluronan in skin

Juhlin, Lennart

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00175.x

Cited by 121 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It can also influence cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. Changes in HA observed with ageing, wound healing, and degenerative diseases further emphasize its importance in skin (Juhlin 1997). In the skin, the largest organ of the human body, constituting the primary HA concentration is much higher around the cells that synthesize HA Rabbit brain 65 HA is supposed to reduce the probability of occurrence of brain tumors Rabbit heart 27 HA is a major constituent in the pathological matrix that occludes the artery in coronary restenosis Human thoracic lymph 0.2-50 The low molar mass of this HA is explained by the preferential uptake of the larger molecules by the liver endothelial cells Human urine 0.1-0.3 Urine is also an important source of hyaluronidase Human serum 0.01-0.1 HA concentrations increase in serum from elderly people as well as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and liver cirrhosis protecting barrier between the underlying tissues and the hostile action of the environment, HA plays a role of a scavenger of free radicals generated by the ultraviolet rays from sunlight.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Ha In Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications

et al. 2006

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Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. It has a high molecular mass, usually in the order of millions of Daltons, and interesting viscoelastic properties influenced by its polymeric and polyelectrolyte characteristics. HA is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues. In clinical medicine, it is used as a diagnostic marker for many diseases including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and liver pathologies, as well as for supplementation of impaired synovial fluid in arthritic patients by means of intra-articular injections. It is also used in certain ophthalmological and otological surgeries and cosmetic regeneration and reconstruction of soft tissue. Herein we present an overview of the occurrence and physiological properties of HA, as well as of the recent advances in production biotechnology and preparation of the HA-based materials for medical application.

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Section: Occurrence Of Ha In Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications

et al. 2006

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“…Following injury, release of sHA enables contact of these small polysaccharides with endothelial cells either by diffusion or as a consequence of the physical disruption of the blood vessel wall. Since the local environment of the dermis is rich in HA (25), and interwoven with the microvasculature, the interaction of these two compartments is an unavoidable consequence of any form of tissue damage. Analysis of wound fluid collected aseptically from human sur- gical wounds or under sterile conditions following subcutaneous injury in mice confirmed prior observations that HA is released in soluble form after mechanical injury (6,26).…”

Section: Il-8 and Mip-2 Induction By Sha Is Tlr4-dependent-pat-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan Fragments Stimulate Endothelial Recognition of Injury through TLR4

Taylor

Trowbridge

Rudisill

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

502

387

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Tissues must quickly recognize injury to respond to the rapid pace of microbial growth. In skin, dermal microvascular endothelial cells must also react to danger signals from the surrounding tissue and immediately participate by initiating the wound repair process. Components of the extracellular matrix such as hyaluronan are rapidly broken down into smaller molecular weight oligosaccharides in a wound, and these can activate a variety of biological processes. This study set out to determine if hyaluronan fragments released following injury can stimulate endothelial cells and what mechanism is responsible for this response. Using genechip microarray analysis, a response to hyaluronan fragments was detected in endothelial cells with the most significant increase observed for the chemokine IL-8. This observation was verified with qualitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and ELISA in human endothelial cell culture, and in a mouse model by observing serum levels of MIP-2 and KC following hyaluronan fragment administration in vivo. Activation was TLR4-dependent, as shown by use of TLR4 blocking antibody and TLR4-deficient mice, but not due to the presence of undetected contaminants as shown by inactivation following digestion with the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme chondroitinase ABC or incubation with the hyaluronan-specific blocking peptide Pep-1. Inactivation of LPS activity failed to diminish the action of hyaluronan fragments. These observations suggest that endogenous components of the extracellular matrix can stimulate endothelia to trigger recognition of injury in the initial stages of the wound defense and repair response.

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“…[31] HA is most abundant in the skin, [32][33][34][35][36] accounting for 50% of total body HA. [37] HA is mainly produced by mesenchymal cells but can also be produced by other cell types.…”

Section: Hyaluroinidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Garg

2017

IJGP

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Skin ageing is a complex multifactorial process occurring in all living beings. It generally comprises two independent and distinct processes, i.e., intrinsic, age-dependent or chronological aging and premature aging, or photoaging which is the result of undue exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Photoaging can be prevented or the effects of photoaging can be reduced by the use of certain anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agents. The extracellular matrix (ECM) which forms the outermost part of skin comprises fibroblasts and proteins such as collagen and elastin. Degradation of ECM is directly linked to skin aging and is responsible for the increase in activity of certain enzymes such as collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase (HYAL) that are involved in skin aging. With aging there is decrease in the levels of elastin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid which leads to loss of strength and flexibility of skin and appear as wrinkles on the skin. Further, the increase in the activity of collagenase, elastase, and HYAL is triggered by the high levels of reactive oxygen species produced when the skin is exposed to excessive UV radiations leading to skin aging. Today, in the age of modern science and advanced technology, although many techniques such as laser rejuvenation, plastic surgery, and lots of synthetic products such as sunscreen lotions, creams are available yet, there is a place for natural, herbal anti-aging cosmetics. Various botanical extracts have the power to reduce the appearance of skin aging and enhance the beauty of the skin. Medicinal plants have several phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, carotenoids, and terpenoids which possess antioxidant properties and can be used in treating the signs of aging. Some plants contain phenolic compounds which have free-radical scavenging property and can suppress aging. Some plants or their extracts possess several other constituents that may have the capability of inhibiting various enzyme such as HYAL, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinases enzyme that play a major role in skin aging. Some of them may possess the free radical scavenging or antioxidant property to fight against the signs of aging. This review focuses on the compilation of medicinal plants and natural compounds as anti-aging and anti-wrinkling agents along with their chemical constituents based on their possible molecular mechanism of action. The present review will facilitate the scientists working in this area for the development of new anti-aging and anti-wrinkle formulations with better efficiency and safety.

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Hyaluronan in skin

Cited by 121 publications

References 34 publications

Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications

Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications

Hyaluronan Fragments Stimulate Endothelial Recognition of Injury through TLR4

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