Hyaluronan production and chondrogenic properties of primary human chondrocyte on gelatin based hematostatic spongostan scaffold

Abstract

BackgroundAutologous chondrocyte transplantation is a promising technique for treatment of cartilage defects. Three dimensional chondrocyte cultures on a scaffold are widely used to retain the chondrogenic phenotype. Using a biodegradable gelatin scaffold is one option for the cell delivery system, but molecular and histological studies of the method have not yet been done.MethodsWe evaluated the chondrogenic property of the primary human chondrocyte on a gelatin scaffold as compared to a collagen scaffold over a period of 21 days. We examined the production of glycosaminoglycan by quantitative and histological analysis. Gene expression of cartilage-associated molecules was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsThe gelatin scaffold showed the ability to promote chondrocyte expansion, chondrogenic phenotype retention at molecular and mRNA levels.ConclusionsThis scaffold is thus suitable for use as an in vitro model for chondrocyte 3D culture.

Osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts on a hemostatic gelatin sponge

“…For bone tissue engineering, the optimum pore size recommended for osteoconduction is between 100–400 μm 50 . The pore size of the hemostatic gelatin sponge used here was 148 ± 62 μm and the pore size reported in previous literature was 100–300 μm 21 , indicating that the pore size of this hemostatic gelatin sponge is suitable for osteoconduction.…”

“…Further, gelatin sponge speckled with bone morphogenetic protein caused minimal tissue response when implanted into rat femoral muscle pouches 51 . Although gelatin sponge material has been demonstrated as a suitable in vitro model for the culture of chondrocytes, including human articular chondrocytes and bovine chondrocytes 21 22 23 , the reports of using this gelatin sponge as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering are still limited. Cegielski et al .…”

“…They are easily obtained, inexpensive, biocompatible, and are not known to induce allergic reactions or other harmful side effects 20 . Hemostatic gelatin sponges have been demonstrated as a suitable in vitro model for producing 3-dimensional (3D) human and bovine chondrocyte cultures 21 22 23 . While some studies have demonstrated the usefulness of hemostatic gelatin sponges as a carrier or an implant for repairing gingival depressions and bone defects 24 25 26 27 , these studies only demonstrated the suitability of gelatin sponge as a carrier or an implant for bone regeneration.…”

The mutual effects between macrophages and cartilage templates in the process of subcutaneous endochondral bone formation

“…For the same reason, the scaffold used in this study was commercial hemostatic gelatin sponge, which is suitable for use as an in vitro model for chondrocyte 3D culture but will not induce host immune inammatory responses. 36,37 The properties of gelatin sponge made it possible to precisely detect the interplay between cartilage templates and macrophages without the inuence of scaffold.…”

Stem Cell Therapy for Cartilage Defects

“…These can broadly be divided into natural or synthetic scaffolds. Natural scaffolds include substances such as carbohydrate-based materials such as chitosan (Ye et al 2014;García Cruz et al 2012;Alves da Silva et al 2011), hyaluronate (Son et al 2013;Toh et al 2012) or even protein-based structures such as collagen (Zhang et al 2012(Zhang et al , 2013aMurphy et al 2012), fibrin (Diederichs et al 2012;Park et al 2011), gelatin (Klangjorhor et al 2012;Pruksakorn et al 2009) and chondroitin (Chen et al 2013;Park et al 2010;Varghese et al 2008). Synthetic scaffolds successfully used include polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polyethylene glycol and polycaprolactone (Hidalgo et al 2013;Childs et al 2013;Zhang et al 2013b;Li et al 2013).…”