Hybrid Ceramic-Gel Polymer Electrolyte with a 3D Cross-Linked Polymer Network for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

Abstract

Electrolyte plays a crucial role in constructing the ionic transport paths and oxygen diffusion routes along with maintaining the interfacial stability based on the open working environment of lithium–oxygen batteries. Herein, on the basis of a succinonitrile-based gel polymer electrolyte prepared by in situ thermal-cross-linking ethoxylate trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer, the SLFE-5%LAGP formed by further adding Li1+x Al x Ge2–x (PO4)3 (LAGP) has high ionic conductivity at room temperature (3.71 mS cm–1 at 25 °C), high lithium-ion transference number (t Li+ = 0.644), and excellent long-term stability of the Li/SLFE-5%LAGP/Li symmetric cell at a current density of 0.1 mA cm–2 for over 600 h. More importantly, LAGP can provide adsorption sites for oxygen molecules on its surface followed by the reduction of oxygen and the formation of Li2O2. Consequently, the cell equipped with the SLFE-5%LAGP has an ultrahigh discharge capacity (5652.8 mAh g–1) that exceeds the liquid electrolyte system and achieves an ultralong stable cycling of 52 cycles. This work deepens the understanding of the solid-state lithium–oxygen batteries through the integrated design of electrolytes and electrodes to realize the superior solid–solid contact interface and achieve stable long-term cycling processes.

Regulating Conductive Copolymerization Networks in the Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Lithium–Metal Batteries

“…For the AMPS monomer powder, the distinct peaks at 1668 and 1614 cm –1 can be attributed to the stretching vibration of the CO of amide groups and CC bond, respectively. As for the PPA10, the CC peak vanished but the CO peak remained, suggesting that the AMPS have been fully copolymerized and the amide groups are retained in the as-synthesized PPA10. , …”

“…As for the PPA10, the C�C peak vanished but the C�O peak remained, suggesting that the AMPS have been fully copolymerized and the amide groups are retained in the as-synthesized PPA10. 17,28 To further verify the molecular structures of PPAx copolymers, 1 H NMR measurements were conducted on relevant electrolyte samples and monomers, and Figure 1c presents their spectra. In all specimens, the DMSO-d 6 solvent and water signals can be observed at 2.5 and 3.4 ppm, respectively.…”

High Charging Voltage Stable and Air Atmosphere Stable Li–O2 Batteries with an Electrolyte Based on Succinonitrile and In Situ Artificial SEI Construction

“…However, after SN and organic lithium salts are miscible, the anions in lithium salts (such as TFSI – ) can effectively weaken the force between the SN molecules so that the melting point at room temperature decreases, forming a liquid electrolyte with better fluidity. The SN-LiTFSI electrolyte exhibited a conductivity as high as 10 –3 S cm –1 at room temperature, which can meet the needs of lithium batteries. − …”