Hybrid composites manufactured by resin infusion with a fully recyclable bioepoxy resin

Cicala, Gianluca; Pergolizzi, Eugenio; Piscopo, F.; Carbone, Domenico Carmelo; Recca, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.08.015

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…They found a considerable increase in tensile strength by integration of a glass fibre mat. Cicala et al [20] combined flax and carbon fibres in different stacking sequences and found up to three times higher tensile strength compared to the pure flax composite. Murdani et al [21] found that the damping ratio decreased while flexural properties were improved by adding glass and carbon fibres to a jute fibre reinforced composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Nonwoven Made of Flax Fibres and Recycled Carbon Fibres

2018

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Can a hybrid composite made of recycled carbon fibres and natural fibres improve the flexural mechanical properties of epoxy composites compared to pure natural fibre reinforced polymers (NFRP)? Growing environmental concerns have led to an increased interest in the application of bio-based materials such as natural fibres in composites. Despite their good specific properties based on their low fibre density, the application of NFRP in load bearing applications such as aviation secondary structures is still limited. Low strength NFRP, compared to composites such as carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP), have significant drawbacks. At the same time, the constantly growing demand for CFRP in aviation and other transport sectors inevitably leads to an increasing amount of waste from manufacturing processes and end-of-life products. Recovering valuable carbon fibres by means of recycling and their corresponding re-application is an important task. However, such recycled carbon fibres (rCF) are usually available in a deteriorated (downcycled) form compared to virgin carbon fibres (vCF), which is limiting their use for high performance applications. Therefore, in this study the combination of natural fibres and rCF in a hybrid composite was assessed for the effect on flexural mechanical properties. Monolithic laminates made of hybrid nonwoven containing flax fibres and recycled carbon fibres were manufactured with a fibre volume fraction of 30% and compared to references with pure flax and rCF reinforcement. Three-point bending tests show a potential increase in flexural mechanical properties by combining rCF and flax fibre in a hybrid nonwoven.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Nonwoven Made of Flax Fibres and Recycled Carbon Fibres

2018

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“…The storage modulus of the composites decreased with the temperature indicating that the glass transition occurred before 220°C. A comparison between the results of storage modulus for hybrid composites and original kenaf/cardanol composites showed that the hybridization improved the storage modulus, especially for specimens with higher amounts of carbon content [27].…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetry Dsc Of the Hybrid Composimentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Flammability Properties of Kenaf/Recycled Carbon Filled with Cardanol Hybrid Composites

Dashtizadeh

Abdan

Jawaid³

et al. 2019

International Journal of Polymer Science

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In this paper, hybrid composites were fabricated by using kenaf and recycled carbon with a cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) derivative known as cardanol as the matrix by a compression molding technique. In this work, we look for the effect of recycled carbon weight loading (15%, 25%, and 35%) on the thermal properties of kenaf/cardanol composites while maintaining the total fiber loading of 50 wt%. TGA, DSC, DMA, and flammability UL 90 HB properties of the specimens were studied. The results indicate that cardanol improved the thermal stability of kenaf and hybridization with recycled carbon also further improved the thermal stability of the specimens. The flammability UL 90 HB test determines the flame retardancy property of all specimens.

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“…These composites can present a full range of properties depending on the specific formulation used. We studied, for example, two different formulations for High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding (HP-RTM) and Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), which displayed T g of 56 °C and 100 °C, respectively [ 19 , 20 ]. The differences of T g are due to the use of slightly different formulation to accomplish the different cure profile.…”

Section: Description Of the Recycling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Chemical Process for Recycling Thermosets Cured with Recyclamines® by Converting Bio-Epoxy Composites in Reusable Thermoplastic—An LCA Study

et al. 2018

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An innovative recycling process for thermoset polymer composites developed by Connora Technologies (Hayward, CA, USA) was studied. The process efficacy has already been tested, and it is currently working at the plant level. The main aspect investigated in the present paper was the environmental impact by means of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. Because of the need to recycle and recover materials at their end of life, the Connora process creates a great innovation in the market of epoxy composites, as they are notoriously not recyclable. Connora Technologies developed a relatively gentle chemical recycling process that induces the conversion of thermosets into thermoplastics. The LCA demonstrated that low environmental burdens are associated with the process itself and, furthermore, impacts are avoided due to the recovery of the epoxy-composite constituents (fibres and matrix). A carbon fibre (CF) epoxy-composite panel was produced through Vacuum Resin Transfer Moulding (VRTM) and afterwards treated using the Connora recycling process. The LCA results of both the production and the recycling phases are reported.

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Hybrid composites manufactured by resin infusion with a fully recyclable bioepoxy resin

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Flexural Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Nonwoven Made of Flax Fibres and Recycled Carbon Fibres

Flexural Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Nonwoven Made of Flax Fibres and Recycled Carbon Fibres

Thermal and Flammability Properties of Kenaf/Recycled Carbon Filled with Cardanol Hybrid Composites

Innovative Chemical Process for Recycling Thermosets Cured with Recyclamines® by Converting Bio-Epoxy Composites in Reusable Thermoplastic—An LCA Study

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