“…In electrochemical detection, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) is employed because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and ease of operation. 32,33 In the DPASV detection process, metal ions are initially reduced and deposited onto the fiber surface by applying a constant negative potential. Subsequently, a variable voltage is applied to the electrode surface, causing the deposited substance to lose electrons, oxidize, and be stripped off from the fiber electrode surface.…”