Hybrid Integration Method for Sunlight Atmospheric Scattering

Abstract

In computer graphics, the efficient rendering of a clear sky may greatly enhance the realism of synthesised interactive virtual environments. However, light atmospheric scattering, lying behind a reliable sky synthesis, is a computationally demanding process. Obtaining the highest possible accuracy and quality of the synthesised image in an efficient manner is not trivial as even minor integration errors may result in huge image artefacts. In this paper we propose two new approaches, namely the first based on the splines and the second on the Taylor expansion, in order to obtain the efficient computing of the transmittance (optical depth) component of the physically based single scattering model. We used Bruneton's framework [1] to compare the proposed solution with state-of-the-art methods in a single, scattering-based clear sky synthesis, in terms of image quality and performance (time). We managed to improve the quality of the single scattering effect and time performance and we removed the necessity of pre-calculating values to look-up tables for the transmittance part of the scattering integral, reducing exploited memory usage.

Navigation Systems in terms of User Experience and Multimodal Usability -- Evaluation of Effectiveness and Efficiency

“…The environment of the design is certainly basic, as it contains only one independent variable with two possible conditions based on the mode of the feedback. The design would be affected by different user features, such as background, accessibility, previous experience which affects efficiency and other minor variables [5], [14], [15].…”