Hybrid PET/MRI Methodology

Aiello, Marco; Cavaliere, Carlo; Marchitelli, Rocco; D’Albore, Antonio; Vita, Enrico De; Salvatore, Marco

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.026

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…[2][3][4] In its infancy, the integration of PET and MRI required development of new hardware and software solutions: To date, the combined effort of research groups around the world has resolved many of the technical challenges, resulting in improved image quality of simultaneous PET/MRI of the brain. [5][6][7] For example, in the absence of CT, new MR-based methods had to be developed for attenuation correction. 8 Ladefoged et al 9 compared 11 different MR-based methods for attenuation correction of the brain and found that several of these methods performed comparable to the gold-standard CT-based attenuation correction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in simultaneous PET/MR for imaging neuroreceptor function

Sander

Hansen

Wey

2020

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Hybrid imaging using PET/MRI has emerged as a platform for elucidating novel neurobiology, molecular and functional changes in disease, and responses to physiological or pharmacological interventions. For the central nervous system, PET/MRI has provided insights into biochemical processes, linking selective molecular targets and distributed brain function. This review highlights several examples that leverage the strengths of simultaneous PET/MRI, which includes measuring the perturbation of multi-modal imaging signals on dynamic timescales during pharmacological challenges, physiological interventions or behavioral tasks. We discuss important considerations for the experimental design of dynamic PET/MRI studies and data analysis approaches for comparing and quantifying simultaneous PET/MRI data. The primary focus of this review is on functional PET/MRI studies of neurotransmitter and receptor systems, with an emphasis on the dopamine, opioid, serotonin and glutamate systems as molecular neuromodulators. In this context, we provide an overview of studies that employ interventions to alter the activity of neuroreceptors or the release of neurotransmitters. Overall, we emphasize how the synergistic use of simultaneous PET/MRI with appropriate study design and interventions has the potential to expand our knowledge about the molecular and functional dynamics of the living human brain. Finally, we give an outlook on the future opportunities for simultaneous PET/MRI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in simultaneous PET/MR for imaging neuroreceptor function

Sander

Hansen

Wey

2020

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Testing limitations make objective verification of homing and grafting of stem cells in the human brain difficult; using Technetium-99m-labeled autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) in 6 patients (55) with chronic ischemic stroke (days 59-82 post-stroke) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA); around 2x10 7 cells were labeled with 99m Tc from a total of 1.25-5x10 8 and intraarterial administration into MCA. There were no complications at the 120-day follow-up; whole body scintigraphy with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) showed at 2 h post-administration the presence of labeled stem cells in the brain of all patients, with preference for the infarcted hemisphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Towards these challenges, considering the scope and the level of detail of cell-level interactions, a multi-disciplinary effort including experimental models in various pathologies is necessary (1)(2)(3)(4)(5); advanced molecular imaging techniques with hybrid PET/CT systems enables assessment of brain tissue viability contributing to the in vivo imaging evaluation of response to stem cell-based therapies. Additionally, recent technological advances in instrumentation leading to the introduction into clinical practice of simultaneous PET/MRI systems, together with advances in radiochemical development of novel PET-tracers, hold promise for more accurate functional imaging of stroke-related molecular mechanisms, giving ground for designing more precise and individualized treatment strategies (6)(7)(8). At the same time much remains to be clarified about their optimal and individualized production, administration, actions, grafting and functional integration, and this work aims to bring a contribution in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD271+ stem cell treatment of patients with chronic stroke

Stancioiu¹,

Papadakis

Lazopoulos

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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Patients with chronic stroke have currently little hope for motor improvement towards regaining independent activities of daily living; stem cell treatments offer a new treatment option and needs to be developed. Patients with chronic stroke (more than 3 months prior to stem cell treatment, mean 21.2 months post-stroke) were treated with CD271 + stem cells, 7 patients received autologous and 1 allogeneic cells from first degree relative; administration was intravenous in 1 and intrathecal in 7 patients. Each patient received a single treatment consisting of 2-5x10 6 cells/kg and they were followed up for up to 12 months. There were significant improvements in expressive aphasia (2/3 patients) spasticity (5/5, of which 2 were transient), and small improvements in motor function (2/8 patients). Although motor improvements were minor in our chronic stroke patients, improvements in aphasia and spasticity were significant and in the context of good safety we are advocating further administration and clinical studies of CD271 + stem cells not only in chronic stroke patients, but also for spastic paresis/plegia; a different, yet unexplored application is pulmonary emphysema.

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“…Due to impressing technological advances achieved in recent years [1][2][3], hybrid PET/MRI has become an established imaging procedure in clinical practice. Despite of an ongoing debate about specific clinical indications, it undoubtedly offers promising potential for personalised medicine based on anatomic, functional and molecular image data acquired in a single examination [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA of humans exposed to [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and the static magnetic field in PET/MRI

et al. 2020

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Background: Given the increasing clinical use of PET/MRI, potential risks to patients from simultaneous exposure to ionising radiation and (electro)magnetic fields should be thoroughly investigated as a precaution. With this aim, the genotoxic potential of 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) and a strong static magnetic field (SMF) were evaluated both in isolation and in combination using the γH2AX assay detecting double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA. Methods: Thirty-two healthy young volunteers allocated to three study arms were exposed to [ 18 F]FDG alone, to a 3-T SMF alone or to both combined over 60 min at a PET/CT or a PET/MRI system. Blood samples taken after in vivo exposure were incubated up to 60 min to extend the irradiation of blood by residual [ 18 F]FDG within the samples and the time to monitor the γH2AX response. Absorbed doses to lymphocytes delivered in vivo and in vitro were estimated individually for each volunteer exposed to [ 18 F]FDG. γH2AX foci were scored automatically by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Absorbed doses to lymphocytes exposed over 60 to 120 min to [ 18 F]FDG varied between 1.5 and 3.3 mGy. In this time interval, the radiotracer caused a significant median relative increase of 28% in the rate of lymphocytes with at least one γH2AX focus relative to the background rate (p = 0.01), but not the SMF alone (p = 0.47). Simultaneous application of both agents did not result in a significant synergistic or antagonistic outcome (p = 0.91). Conclusion: There is no evidence of a synergism between [ 18 F]FDG and the SMF that may be of relevance for risk assessment of PET/MRI.

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Hybrid PET/MRI Methodology

Cited by 17 publications

References 125 publications

Advances in simultaneous PET/MR for imaging neuroreceptor function

Advances in simultaneous PET/MR for imaging neuroreceptor function

CD271+ stem cell treatment of patients with chronic stroke

Double-strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA of humans exposed to [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and the static magnetic field in PET/MRI

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