“…Among them, finite element method (FEM) (Brenner et al, 2018) and boundary element method (BEM) (Venas and Kvamsdal, 2020) are the two commonly used methods. The BEM inherently satisfies the Sommerfeld radiation condition for the exterior acoustic problems, whereas some special mathematical treatments need to be incorporated with the FEM to model the infinite exterior acoustic domain, such as perfectly matched layer (PML) (Bunting et al, 2018), infinite elements (Wu and Xiang, 2019), absorbing boundary condition (Jeon, 2018), and Dirichlet to Neumann mapping (Kapita and Monk, 2018). However, the system matrices yielded in the FEM are sparse and symmetric, which can significantly reduce the computation cost and storage requirement.…”