Hybrid systems for solar hydrogen: A selection of case-studies

Abstract

Twelve case-studies on systems that generate, store and use hydrogen from photovoltaic energy are hereby presented and discussed. Hydrogen generated from direct sunlight is often called solar hydrogen, and the whole process is characterized by

Electrolyzer Performance Analysis of an Integrated Hydrogen Power System for Greenhouse Heating. A Case Study

“…Furthermore, after a morning with clear sky conditions, the first clouds in the afternoon caused strong current variations in the electrolyzer [31]. Good results in terms of energy efficiency of the electrolyzer with nearly all kinds of solar radiation profiles were obtained in a hybrid Similar results are common in literature when testing hybrid systems comprising photovoltaic panels and electrolyzer combinations [42]. The average energy efficiency of an alkaline electrolyzer of 5 kW set-up in Zollbruck, Switzerland, inside a domestic system, was 62%, evaluated over three summer days.…”

“…These registered values support the aforementioned working behaviour of the electrolyzer. Similar results are common in literature when testing hybrid systems comprising photovoltaic panels and electrolyzer combinations [42]. The average energy efficiency of an alkaline electrolyzer of 5 kW set-up in Zollbruck, Switzerland, inside a domestic system, was 62%, evaluated over three summer days.…”

“…Furthermore, according to testing results of a hybrid system built to provide electrical and thermal power to offices and residential units, it was pointed out that on/off cycling of the electrolyser may cause degradation of the cell electrode catalyst and, in view of the very rapid variations of power coming from the photovoltaic panels, it was considered careful to employ advanced batteries to provide short-term energy storage and minimise cycling of the electrolyser [44]. Also Zini and Tartarini [42], who briefly analysed several case-studies, reported that, since the electrolyzer can be switched on and off frequently if input current is highly variable, some back-up systems should be considered to stabilize electrolyzer input power in order to increase overall system performance.…”

Performance Analysis of a VPV/FC Hybrid System for Generating Electricity in Iraq's Remote Areas

“…They also indicate that the energy conversion process that takes place through a PV-electrolyzer-storage-FC chain is much more complex than a simple direct load supply. However, the PV/FC system is able to avoid energy surplus losses and can store more energy for longer periods of time [8].…”

Load and weather profile, and time simulation impacts for the PEPITE PV/H2 project

“…There are more than ten hydrogen fuelling stations in the world that use photovoltaic systems [1][2][3]. Photovoltaic-hydrogen/fuel cell hybrid energy systems may supply the energy demands for many cases.…”