Hydration layers trapped between graphene and a hydrophilic substrate

Temmen, Matthias; Ochedowski, Oliver; Schleberger, Marika; Reichling, Michael; Bollmann, Tjeerd Rogier Johannes

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/16/5/053039

Cited by 50 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Presence of water layer between graphene and substrate had been noted by different authors (e.g. [17][18][19]). To our opinion, laser pulses can cause essential heating and even boiling of this water layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Laser-induced local profile transformation of multilayered graphene on a substrate

Фролов

Pivovarov

Zavedeev

et al. 2015

Optics & Laser Technology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Laser-induced local profile transformation of multilayered graphene on a substrate

Фролов

Pivovarov

Zavedeev

et al. 2015

Optics & Laser Technology

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“…Beyond the thickness of approximate five layers of water, the hole doping effect is virtually saturated. Figure 11: Illustration of (a) water from the air adsorbing onto CaF2 (111) [97]. (d) The relation of free charge carrier density and surface potential difference of graphene with increasing number of confined water layers.…”

Section: Effects Of Water On the Local Electronic Properties Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Water on graphene: review of recent progress

et al. 2018

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The sensitivity of graphene to the surrounding environment is given by its π electrons, which are directly exposed to molecules in the ambient. The high sensitivity of graphene to the local environment has shown to be both advantageous but also problematic for graphene-based devices, such as transistors and sensors, where the graphene carrier concentration and mobility change due to ambient humidity variations. In this review, recent progress in understanding the effects of water on different types of graphene, grown epitaxially and quasi-free standing on SiC, by chemical vapour deposition on SiO2, as well as exfoliated flakes, are presented. It is demonstrated that water withdraws electrons from graphene, but the graphene-water interaction highly depends on the thickness, layer stacking, underlying substrate and substrate-induced doping. Moreover, we highlight the importance of clear and unambiguous description of the environmental conditions (i.e. relative humidity) whenever a routine characterisation for carrier concentration and mobility is reported (often presented as a simple figure-of-merit), as these electrical characteristics are highly dependent on the adsorbed molecules and the surrounding environment.

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“…Xu et al have demonstrated in their pioneering work 8 that water can be aggregated between a mica substrate and a graphene sheet on top. Water intercalation between graphene (cover) and mica (substrate) have recently received tremendous attention [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Such intercalated water is in contact with the environment through defects in the graphene cover, which we will further refer to as B-defects 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent heat induced rotation limited aggregation in 2D ice nanocrystals

Bampoulis

Siekman

Kooij

et al. 2015

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The basic science responsible for the fascinating shapes of ice crystals and snowflakes is still not understood. Insufficient knowledge of the interaction potentials and the lack of relevant experimental access to the growth process are to blame for this failure. Here, we study the growth of fractal nanostructures in a two-dimensional (2D) system, intercalated between mica and graphene. Based on our scanning tunneling spectroscopy data, we provide compelling evidence that these fractals are 2D ice. They grow while they are in material contact with the atmosphere at 20 °C and without significant thermal contact to the ambient. The growth is studied in situ, in real time and space at the nanoscale. We find that the growing 2D ice nanocrystals assume a fractal shape, which is conventionally attributed to Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA). However, DLA requires a low mass density mother phase, in contrast to the actual currently present high mass density mother phase. Latent heat effects and consequent transport of heat and molecules are found to be key ingredients for understanding the evolution of the snow (ice) flakes. We conclude that not the local availability of water molecules (DLA), but rather them having the locally required orientation is the key factor for incorporation into the 2D ice nanocrystal. In combination with the transport of latent heat, we attribute the evolution of fractal 2D ice nanocrystals to local temperature dependent rotation limited aggregation. The ice growth occurs under extreme supersaturation, i.e., the conditions closely resemble the natural ones for the growth of complex 2D snow (ice) flakes and we consider our findings crucial for solving the "perennial" snow (ice) flake enigma.

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Hydration layers trapped between graphene and a hydrophilic substrate

Cited by 50 publications

References 54 publications

Laser-induced local profile transformation of multilayered graphene on a substrate

Laser-induced local profile transformation of multilayered graphene on a substrate

Water on graphene: review of recent progress

Latent heat induced rotation limited aggregation in 2D ice nanocrystals

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