Hydration status measured by BCM: A potential modifiable risk factor for peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis

Santhakumaran, Territa; Samad, Nasreen; Fan, Stanley

doi:10.1111/nep.12622

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Fluid overload is common among patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and it represents an important non-traditional risk factor of cardiovascular diseases in this group of patients [ 1 ]. Previous studies showed that clinically overt fluid overload is associated with decrease in patient and technique survival [ 2 , 3 ], excess peritonitis rate (with enteric organisms) [ 4 ], increase in left ventricular mass [ 5 ] and impaired quality of life [ 6 ]. However, assessment of volume status is frequently unreliable by traditional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic fluid overload predicts survival and cardiovascular event in incident Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients

Kwan

Chow

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundFluid overload is common among asymptomatic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We aim to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of fluid overload, as measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy, in asymptomatic incident PD patients.MethodsWe performed a single-center study on 311 incident PD patients. Volume status was represented by the volume of overhydration (OH), OH/extracellular water (ECW) ratio, ECW/total body water (TBW) ratio, and ECW to intracellular water (ICW) ratio (E:I ratio). Patient survival, technique survival and cardiovascular event-free survival were determined.ResultsThe median period of follow up was 27.3 months. Fluid overload was present in 272 patients (87.5%) when defined as OH volume over 1.1L. All hydration parameters significantly correlated with Charlson Comorbidity Index, and inversely with total Kt/V, and serum albumin. Multivariate cause-specific Cox analysis showed that volume status independently predicted patient survival; every 0.1 unit increase in E:I ratio was associated with 24.5% increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio [ACSHR] 1.245, p = 0.002). Hydration status was also an independent predictor of cardiovascular event-free survival after excluding hospital admission for congestive heart failure; each 0.1 unit increase in E:I ratio was associated with 18.7% decrease in cardiovascular event-free survival (ACSHR 1.187, p = 0.011). In contrast, hydration parameters were not associated with technique survival.ConclusionsFluid overload is common in asymptomatic incident PD patients and is a strong predictor of patient survival and cardiovascular event. The impact of bioimpedance spectroscopy-guided fluid management on the outcome of PD patients deserves further study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic fluid overload predicts survival and cardiovascular event in incident Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients

Kwan

Chow

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Baseline characteristics captured included age, diabetes status, cause of renal failure, episodes of peritonitis and exit-site infections (ESI), and frailty of patients (assessed by the Karnofsky performance scale and level of patients’ ability to perform PD independently from other caregivers). These parameters have been used to assess PD-related infection risk in other studies (12,13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of Screening Peritoneal Dialysis Patients for Bacterial Colonization or Contamination

et al. 2019

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Introduction The adoption of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guideline of using mupirocin ointment has been limited by fear of developing mupirocin-resistant organisms. We performed a surveillance program of a large peritoneal dialysis (PD) unit. Methods We performed 1,175 surveillance swabs from anterior nares, PD catheter exit site, groin, and axilla, from 240 patients. The mean interval between swabs was 3.3 months. Results Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) or Pseudomonas species was 9.5% and 10.9%, respectively. Despite adopting a universal policy of applying mupirocin to PD catheter exit sites in 2001, no instances of mupirocin-resistant S. aureus were identified. Moreover, patients who grew S. aureus from surveillance swabs did not experience higher peritonitis rates than those with “no growth.” This was in contrast to patients who grew Pseudomonas or enteric organisms. There were no differences in patient demographics for those who grew S. aureus, Pseudomonas, or enteric organisms (compared with “no-growth” patients). Conclusion Our results suggest that the application of mupirocin ointment appeared to minimize peritonitis of patients colonized with S. aureus. The use of mupirocin in this patient cohort has not led to mupirocin resistance. The increased peritonitis rate of patients who grew Pseudomonas or enteric organisms is of interest. We propose that greater attention to hygiene and catheter care in these patients is warranted. The increasing use of paid healthcare workers attending patients daily to help perform PD (assisted PD) gives an opportunity for us to address these wider issues.

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“…A total of five RCTs (published in six papers 60,61,63,76,77,81 ) and eight non-randomised studies (published in nine papers 30,50,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88] ) were included in the review of clinical effectiveness. There was some question over whether or not the RCTs by Onofriescu et al 81 and Onofriescu et al 60 may be reporting the same trial or outcomes from an overlapping patient population.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eight non-randomised studies were reported in nine full-text papers, 30,50,[82][83][84][85][86][87][88] with the study by O'Lone et al 82 also reported in a secondary study with an additional 51 participants and a 21-month longer follow-up period. 84 The BCM was the multiple-frequency device used in all eight studies.…”

Section: Non-randomised Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple-frequency bioimpedance devices for fluid management in people with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis: a systematic review and economic evaluation

Scotland

Cruickshank

Jacobsen

et al. 2018

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition requiring treatment such as conservative management, kidney transplantation or dialysis. To optimise the volume of fluid removed during dialysis (to avoid underhydration or overhydration), people are assigned a ‘target weight’, which is commonly assessed using clinical methods, such as weight gain between dialysis sessions, pre- and post-dialysis blood pressure and patient-reported symptoms. However, these methods are not precise, and measurement devices based on bioimpedance technology are increasingly used in dialysis centres. Current evidence on the role of bioimpedance devices for fluid management in people with CKD receiving dialysis is limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multiple-frequency bioimpedance devices versus standard clinical assessment for fluid management in people with CKD receiving dialysis.Data sourcesWe searched major electronic databases [e.g. MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)] conference abstracts and ongoing studies. There were no date restrictions. Searches were undertaken between June and October 2016.Review methodsEvidence was considered from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing fluid management by multiple-frequency bioimpedance devices and standard clinical assessment in people receiving dialysis, and non-randomised studies evaluating the use of the devices for fluid management in people receiving dialysis. One reviewer extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. A second reviewer cross-checked the extracted data. Standard meta-analyses techniques were used to combine results from included studies. A Markov model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the interventions.ResultsFive RCTs (with 904 adult participants) and eight non-randomised studies (with 4915 adult participants) assessing the use of the Body Composition Monitor [(BCM) Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany] were included. Both absolute overhydration and relative overhydration were significantly lower in patients evaluated using BCM measurements than for those evaluated using standard clinical methods [weighted mean difference –0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.72 to –0.15,p = 0.003,I2 = 49%; and weighted mean difference –1.84, 95% CI –3.65 to –0.03;p = 0.05,I2 = 52%, respectively]. Pooled effects of bioimpedance monitoring on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mean difference –2.46 mmHg, 95% CI –5.07 to 0.15 mmHg;p = 0.06,I2 = 0%), arterial stiffness (mean difference –1.18, 95% CI –3.14 to 0.78;p = 0.24,I2 = 92%) and mortality (hazard ratio = 0.689, 95% CI 0.23 to 2.08;p = 0.51) were not statistically significant. The economic evaluation showed that, when dialysis costs were included in the model, the probability of bioimpedance monitoring being cost-effective ranged from 13% to 26% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. With dialysis costs excluded, the corresponding probabilities of cost-effectiveness ranged from 61% to 67%.LimitationsLack of evidence on clinically relevant outcomes, children receiving dialysis, and any multifrequency bioimpedance devices, other than the BCM.ConclusionsBCM used in addition to clinical assessment may lower overhydration and potentially improve intermediate outcomes, such as SBP, but effects on mortality have not been demonstrated. If dialysis costs are not considered, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio falls below £20,000, with modest effects on mortality and/or hospitalisation rates. The current findings are not generalisable to paediatric populations nor across other multifrequency bioimpedance devices.Future workServices that routinely use the BCM should report clinically relevant intermediate and long-term outcomes before and after introduction of the device to extend the current evidence base.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016041785.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Hydration status measured by BCM: A potential modifiable risk factor for peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Asymptomatic fluid overload predicts survival and cardiovascular event in incident Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients

Asymptomatic fluid overload predicts survival and cardiovascular event in incident Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients

Clinical Value of Screening Peritoneal Dialysis Patients for Bacterial Colonization or Contamination

Multiple-frequency bioimpedance devices for fluid management in people with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis: a systematic review and economic evaluation

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