Hydraulic Conductivity Variability in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Baptestini, Gheila Corrêa Ferres; Matos, Antônio Teixeira de; Martinez, Mauro Aparecido; Borges, Alisson Carraro; Matos, Mateus Pimentel de

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n2p333-342/2017

“…Aerial plant tissue favors in the light attenuation (reduced growth of photosynthesis), reduced wind velocity, storage of nutrients and aesthetic pleasing appearance of the system [2,5]. A 5-year study evaluated the influence of vegetation on sedimentation and resuspension of soil particles in small CWs [22]. The author showed that macrophytes stimulated sediment retention by mitigating the resuspension of the CW sediment (14 to 121 kg m −2 ).…”

Section: Role Of Macrophytes In Cwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant presence led to decreasing saturated hydraulic conductivity in horizontal subsurface flow. This study was relevant, since monitoring macrophytes is essential for understanding and controlling clogging in subsurface CWs [22].…”

Section: Role Of Macrophytes In Cwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Sandoval

¹

,

Castro

²

,

Vidal-Álvarez

³

et al. 2019

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The vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) plays an important role in wastewater treatment. Popularly, the common emergent plants in CWs have been vegetation of natural wetlands. However, there are ornamental flowering plants that have some physiological characteristics similar to the plants of natural wetlands that can stimulate the removal of pollutants in wastewater treatments; such importance in CWs is described here. A literature survey of 87 CWs from 21 countries showed that the four most commonly used flowering ornamental vegetation genera were Canna, Iris, Heliconia and Zantedeschia. In terms of geographical location, Canna spp. is commonly found in Asia, Zantedeschia spp. is frequent in Mexico (a country in North America), Iris is most commonly used in Asia, Europe and North America, and species of the Heliconia genus are commonly used in Asia and parts of the Americas (Mexico, Central and South America). This review also compares the use of ornamental plants versus natural wetland plants and systems without plants for removing pollutants (organic matter, nitrogen, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds). The removal efficiency was similar between flowering ornamental and natural wetland plants. However, pollutant removal was better when using ornamental plants than in unplanted CWs. The use of ornamental flowering plants in CWs is an excellent option, and efforts should be made to increase the adoption of these system types and use them in domiciliary, rural and urban areas.

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“…Bulk density is associated with the soil's ability to absorb and store water (Fennessy & Wardrop, 2016), while the high soil moisture content of wetland soils is responsible for creating conditions suitable for carbon sequestration (Yin et al, 2019). Ks indicates the speed of water movement across the landscape (Baptestini, Matos, Martinez, Borges, & Matos, 2017). With high KS, the soil: water contact is maximised which slows water movement across the landscape and helps reduce peak flood heights downstream (Ziter & Turner, 2018).…”

Section: Biophysical Changes From Wetland Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying soil, microbial, and plant community changes following wetland restoration on private land

Bentley¹

0

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<p>Extensive global and national wetland loss has reduced ecosystem services to people and undermines the sustainability of ecosystems. Restoration projects aim to regain the biophysical conditions of remnant wetlands that produce an abundance of ecosystem services. Ecological restoration practices manipulate community succession to enhance ecological functions, and these different successional stages may be reflected in the soil physio-chemical characteristics, plants, and soil microbes, which in turn produce a variety of ecosystem services. Considerable potential for wetland restoration on private property exists in New Zealand, but it remains unknown how successful restoration is when undertaken through a landholder’s own prerogative. Relative to restoration of public land, private restoration projects are often small scale, personally funded and preference driven. In this thesis, I quantify the outcomes of small-scale private wetland restoration projects by measuring changes in plant and soil microbial communities, and soil physiochemical characteristics. I explore the relationships among variation in plant, soil and microbial datasets and test for causes of this variation. Using a paired sampling design, I sampled 18 restored wetlands and 18 unrestored wetlands on private property in the Wairarapa region. I used a Whitaker plot design to sample wetland plant communities at multiple scales and took soil samples that I analysed for physio-chemical properties. Additionally, I quantified the biomass and community composition of the microbes in the soil samples using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. In my second chapter, I use linear mixed-effect models, principal components analysis, and non-metric multidimensional scaling to ask: How does wetland restoration alter the plant community, soil physio-chemical characteristics, and the soil microbial community? In my third chapter, I employ Procrustes analysis to look at the association of variation in plants, microbes, and soil characteristics to explore whether successional processes of these attributes are concurrent within wetlands. I then use hierarchical cluster analysis to determine which of the wetlands are at similar successional stages and identified site contexts and restoration treatments that were in common among similar wetlands. These analyses provide insight to the conditions that advance successional processes in restored wetlands. Specifically, I ask 1) How do plant, microbial, and soil characteristics co-vary during wetland restoration? 2) How do indicators of wetland succession respond to restoration? 3) Are different restoration practices and site contexts influencing wetland outcomes during restoration? Private wetland restoration enhanced succession in plant, soil, and microbial properties towards those more similar to undisturbed wetland conditions. Specifically, restoration added ~13 native plant species, increased totalfungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal biomass, and total microbial biomass by 25%. Restoration increased soil moisture by 93%, soil organic carbon by 20%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity by 27%. It also reduced bulk density by 0.19 g-1 cm3 and plant available phosphorus (Olsen P) by 23%. Procrustes analysis revealed a lack of congruence in the recovery of plant, microbial, and soil indicators of succession, signifying that the plant community succeeded faster than the microbial community and soil characteristics. Variation in soil and microbial properties separated restored wetlands into two groups of early and later succession wetlands, which was independent of the number of years since restoration began at the sites but corresponded to elements of wetland hydrology. Soil and microbial characteristics in hydrologically connected wetlands recovered more quickly following restoration than hydrologically isolated wetlands. Private restoration increased spatial heterogeneity of outcomes at the plot scale, which depended on site factors. My data suggests that private wetland restoration is effective in increasing plant, soil, and microbial characteristics that produce ecosystem services. Additionally, wetland restoration increased environmental heterogeneity and the capacity for ecosystem service delivery, which may contribute to increased resilience of the Wairarapa landscape.</p>

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“…Bulk density is associated with the soil's ability to absorb and store water (Fennessy & Wardrop, 2016), while the high soil moisture content of wetland soils is responsible for creating conditions suitable for carbon sequestration (Yin et al, 2019). Ks indicates the speed of water movement across the landscape (Baptestini, Matos, Martinez, Borges, & Matos, 2017). With high KS, the soil: water contact is maximised which slows water movement across the landscape and helps reduce peak flood heights downstream (Ziter & Turner, 2018).…”

Section: Biophysical Changes From Wetland Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying soil, microbial, and plant community changes following wetland restoration on private land

Bentley¹

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>Extensive global and national wetland loss has reduced ecosystem services to people and undermines the sustainability of ecosystems. Restoration projects aim to regain the biophysical conditions of remnant wetlands that produce an abundance of ecosystem services. Ecological restoration practices manipulate community succession to enhance ecological functions, and these different successional stages may be reflected in the soil physio-chemical characteristics, plants, and soil microbes, which in turn produce a variety of ecosystem services. Considerable potential for wetland restoration on private property exists in New Zealand, but it remains unknown how successful restoration is when undertaken through a landholder’s own prerogative. Relative to restoration of public land, private restoration projects are often small scale, personally funded and preference driven. In this thesis, I quantify the outcomes of small-scale private wetland restoration projects by measuring changes in plant and soil microbial communities, and soil physiochemical characteristics. I explore the relationships among variation in plant, soil and microbial datasets and test for causes of this variation. Using a paired sampling design, I sampled 18 restored wetlands and 18 unrestored wetlands on private property in the Wairarapa region. I used a Whitaker plot design to sample wetland plant communities at multiple scales and took soil samples that I analysed for physio-chemical properties. Additionally, I quantified the biomass and community composition of the microbes in the soil samples using phospholipid fatty acid analysis. In my second chapter, I use linear mixed-effect models, principal components analysis, and non-metric multidimensional scaling to ask: How does wetland restoration alter the plant community, soil physio-chemical characteristics, and the soil microbial community? In my third chapter, I employ Procrustes analysis to look at the association of variation in plants, microbes, and soil characteristics to explore whether successional processes of these attributes are concurrent within wetlands. I then use hierarchical cluster analysis to determine which of the wetlands are at similar successional stages and identified site contexts and restoration treatments that were in common among similar wetlands. These analyses provide insight to the conditions that advance successional processes in restored wetlands. Specifically, I ask 1) How do plant, microbial, and soil characteristics co-vary during wetland restoration? 2) How do indicators of wetland succession respond to restoration? 3) Are different restoration practices and site contexts influencing wetland outcomes during restoration? Private wetland restoration enhanced succession in plant, soil, and microbial properties towards those more similar to undisturbed wetland conditions. Specifically, restoration added ~13 native plant species, increased totalfungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal biomass, and total microbial biomass by 25%. Restoration increased soil moisture by 93%, soil organic carbon by 20%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity by 27%. It also reduced bulk density by 0.19 g-1 cm3 and plant available phosphorus (Olsen P) by 23%. Procrustes analysis revealed a lack of congruence in the recovery of plant, microbial, and soil indicators of succession, signifying that the plant community succeeded faster than the microbial community and soil characteristics. Variation in soil and microbial properties separated restored wetlands into two groups of early and later succession wetlands, which was independent of the number of years since restoration began at the sites but corresponded to elements of wetland hydrology. Soil and microbial characteristics in hydrologically connected wetlands recovered more quickly following restoration than hydrologically isolated wetlands. Private restoration increased spatial heterogeneity of outcomes at the plot scale, which depended on site factors. My data suggests that private wetland restoration is effective in increasing plant, soil, and microbial characteristics that produce ecosystem services. Additionally, wetland restoration increased environmental heterogeneity and the capacity for ecosystem service delivery, which may contribute to increased resilience of the Wairarapa landscape.</p>

show abstract

Hydraulic Conductivity Variability in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Role of Wetland Plants and Use of Ornamental Flowering Plants in Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Quantifying soil, microbial, and plant community changes following wetland restoration on private land

Quantifying soil, microbial, and plant community changes following wetland restoration on private land

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