Hydraulics and mass transfer on valve trays without downcomers

Review of Hydraulics Correlations for Sieve Trays without Downcomers

“…Dual-flow trays have been used since the 19th century, when Cellier-Blumenthal built a distillation apparatus that incorporated copper saucer-shaped trays pierced with small holes . Different types of trays have been designed: sieve trays without downcomer (i.e., dual-flow); the turbogrid, developed by Royal Dutch Shell plc; , the Kittel and Ripple Tray; ,, grid trays; “shower” trays; valve trays without downcomers; , and structural packing used as a dual-flow tray. , …”

Distillation

“…. 1 1 (89,154,155,156) shows considerable promise for cases where the solvent is not water; it eliminates the need for estimating an "association parameter" and represents the entire range of solute and solvent molar volumes in one equation. For aqueous systems, the Othmer-Thaker equation was found to be best.…”