Hydro unit start-up costs and their impact on the short term scheduling strategies of Swedish power producers

Abstract

This paper is about start-up costs of hydro power units. In the introduction we address three questions about startups of hydro power units:What causes the costs in the start-up? How much does a start-up cost? How do start-ups effect the short-term scheduling strategies of power producers in Sweden? In order to answer these questions, we have interviewed employees working with generation planing at the eight largest power producers in Sweden. 0Loss of water during maintenance. * Wear and tear of the windings due to temperature changes dur-0 Wear and tear of mechanical equipment during the start-up. * Malfunctions in the control equipment during the start-up. * Loss of water during the start up. The aspects causing the largest costs are maintenance due to the wear and tear and the unavailability and personnel costs due to malfunctions in the control equipment. The cost of lost water is usually small. * Start ups cost. The cost will depend on the nominal power of the * The majority of the power producers consider start-ups in their * There is a need for better knowledge about start-up cost. * There is a need for planning software which considers start-up We found five aspects causing start-up costs:ing the start-up.Our conclusions are the following:unit and the unit model. planning.costs of hydro units.

The Influence of Environmental Constraints on the Water Value

“…The terms α and β can be estimated either by means of specific experimental studies in the considered plant or from the information contained in [33,34], respectively, as it was done in this study.…”

“…The magnitudes of the environmental constraints ϕ, considered in this study, and ρ, evaluated in [1], were selected to cover a wide range of values. As in [44], ϕ is the average of its seasonal values (ϕ [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] , ϕ [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] , ϕ [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and ϕ [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]…”

Deriving Optimal End of Day Storage for Pumped-Storage Power Plants in the Joint Energy and Reserve Day-Ahead Scheduling

“…As the reversible Francis pump-turbine unit is operated at fixed speed in pumping mode, it has a single operating point with a typical efficiency of 90% [19]. Start-up costs in generating and pumping modes have been calculated following the guidelines of [20].…”

Finding Multiple Optimal Solutions to Optimal Load Distribution Problem in Hydropower Plant

“…L is the required total electric load for the hydropower plant. R i is the feasible load for generator unit i and is often equivalent to ) is defined as the vibration area where the generator shaft tends to vibrate violently [35]. It should be noted that this problem is independent of time.…”