Hydrocarbon clusters from a foil diffusion source

Åman, Carina; Holmlid, Leif

doi:10.1007/bf00702886

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Very large clusters with properties similar to RM clusters can be formed in some experiments, for example Cs N clusters with N = 4000-10000 [31,32] in special diffusion sources. Similar clusters formed by hydrogen and hydrocarbons also exist [33]. They may be characterized as electronically excited droplets with no specific internal structure and are probably best described as condensed matter.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Holmlid

2011

J Clust Sci

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A review is given of experimental studies of clusters of Rydberg matter (RM) with applications. This is a metallic type of matter with angular momentum l C 1 for the conduction band electrons. The atoms in RM can be one-electron atoms like K, H and D which are most used in the laboratory, or two-electron atoms like He. Mixed clusters of one-electron atoms are easily studied. This material is stable in a vacuum both in the laboratory and in interstellar space. The large stability is valid for the lowest excitation level for each atom type, at l = 1 for H(1) which is the lowest energy state for protium. Typical clusters of RM are planar with magic numbers 7, 19, 37, 61 and 91. Small planar cluster can form stacks of clusters. Close-packed clusters exist for H(1) with magic numbers 4, 6, and 12, and chain clusters mainly formed by D-D ''beads'' are common for D(1). Several methods to study RM clusters are reviewed. Stimulated spectroscopy methods like stimulated emission and stimulated Raman are emphasized. Cluster properties like large polarizability and giant magnetic dipoles are described. Results on rotational levels, vibrational levels and electronic levels are reviewed. The observational evidence for RM clusters in space is discussed in relation to the fundamental experimental studies of the specific cluster properties.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Holmlid

2011

J Clust Sci

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“…First of all, desorption methods were used to determine the energetics of Rydberg species desorption from the angular distributions and temperature variations. [21][22][23] Later studies have mainly determined desorption energies. 24,25 Stimulated Raman spectroscopy has revealed the existence of K* Rydberg species and of K*-molecule Rydberg complexes at alkali promoted catalyst surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-pooling transitions to doubly excited K atoms at a promoted iron-oxide catalyst surface: more than 30 eV available for reaction

Kotarba

Holmlid

2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The promoter action of alkali atoms, such as K atoms, at heterogeneous catalyst surfaces has been used in industrial catalysis for many decades, giving improved activity and selectivity in the catalyzed chemical reactions. Several mechanisms for this promotion effect have been proposed, among which the Rydberg excitation mechanism is well-supported by experiments from our groups. Further experiments now show that even doubly excited K Rydberg species are formed at an industrial catalyst (styrene catalyst) surface. This indicates that a large excitation energy of >30 eV can easily accumulate in an atomic or molecular species. The methods used for the identification of the excited species are pulsed laser-induced TOF-MS and intracavity stimulated emission. The doubly excited states are formed at the surface of the catalyst by thermal excitation through selective excitation and energy-pooling processes and are here observed outside the surface in the extended boundary layer. Experiments with ionization energy transfer indicate that no energy matching is required in reactions driven by the excitation energy.

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Status of cold fusion (2010)

Storms¹

2010

Naturwissenschaften

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The phenomenon called cold fusion has been studied for the last 21 years since its discovery by Profs. Fleischmann and Pons in 1989. The discovery was met with considerable skepticism, but supporting evidence has accumulated, plausible theories have been suggested, and research is continuing in at least eight countries. This paper provides a brief overview of the major discoveries and some of the attempts at an explanation. The evidence supports the claim that a nuclear reaction between deuterons to produce helium can occur in special materials without application of high energy. This reaction is found to produce clean energy at potentially useful levels without the harmful byproducts normally associated with a nuclear process. Various requirements of a model are examined.

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Hydrocarbon clusters from a foil diffusion source

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Energy-pooling transitions to doubly excited K atoms at a promoted iron-oxide catalyst surface: more than 30 eV available for reaction

Status of cold fusion (2010)

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