Hydrocarbon concentrations at the Alpine mountain sites Jungfraujoch and Arosa

Li, Yingshi; Campana, Mike; Reimann, Stefan; Schaub, D.; Stemmler, Konrad; Staehelin, J.; Peter, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.09.084

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The free troposphere is more regionally representative than locations that sample only the surface boundary layer, so measurements taken at mountaintop sites have greater regional representativeness (Andrews et al, 2011). Along these same lines, mountaintop sites are often ideal receptor sites for source receptor studies (Grosjean and Bytnerowicz, 1993;Zhang et al, 2009;Li et al, 2005). This paper and its companion papers will describe many aspects of the Whiteface Mountain research station and the observations carried out there.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While astronomical observatories may first come to mind, there are also a number of iconic weather and atmospheric observation related mountaintop observatories, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii (Hoffman et al, 2009;Dlugokencky et al, 2014), Mount Fuji in Japan (Watanabe et al, 2006), Jungfraujoch in Switzerland (Li et al, 2005;Leuenberger and Flueckiger, 2008), and others. Many of these locations, including Whiteface, have decades and more of history and scientific observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Science Research at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Site Description and History

Schwab

Wolfe

Casson

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Whiteface Mountain, with an elevation of 1483 m above sea level, is a relatively low mountain by global standards. At the same time, the summit is some 90 m above the tree line and it is the fifth highest peak in the Adirondack Mountain Range of New York State. Whiteface Mountain is set apart from the other Adirondack High Peaks, providing an ideal location for many types of atmospheric measurements. The geographical location in the northeastern U.S., the lone massif character of the mountain, and the fact that the summit is very often enveloped in cloud has made the observatory an attractive place for scientific research. A four story building specifically for the purposes of scientific research and fire monitoring was built on the summit in 1971. The headquarters of the Whiteface Mountain facility, the Marble Mountain Lodge, is perched on the shoulder of the massif at an elevation of 604 m a.s.l. In some cases the same measurements are made at the two locations to explore the two different but geographically close environments. A summary of past and current measurement activity at both locations is presented in the paper along with selected examples of data sets, analyses, and applications. Important research in the areas of forest ecology, cloud water chemistry, precipitation chemistry, reactive trace gases, and airborne particulate matter are reviewed. Collected data sets for temperature and ozone at the summit are presented, as well as research linking the measured gaseous SO 2 to acid deposition at this location. In addition, an example is given using this long-term data for both gases and particulate matter that helps to establish the accountability of air pollution regulations in the control of sulfur oxides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Science Research at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Site Description and History

Schwab

Wolfe

Casson

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…foehn events. The influence of thermal uplift leads to the typical diurnal variations of VOC concentrations at Jungfraujoch described previously by Li et al (2005).…”

Section: Background Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary aerosol particles are formed from some organic compounds including toluene and pinenes (Odum et al, 1997;Kavouras et al, 1998;Kleindienst et al, 2004). As gases (Li et al, 2005) and adsorbed on particles, some organic compounds (e.g. i-alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons) can be transported over long distances from source regions to higher layers of the troposphere, where they can persist for long periods of time (Gröllert and Puxbaum, 2000;Fuzzi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of VOCs between air and snow at the Jungfraujoch high alpine research station, Switzerland, during CLACE 5 (winter 2006)

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed in air and snow samples at the Jungfraujoch high alpine research station in Switzerland as part of CLACE 5 (CLoud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment) during February/March 2006. The fluxes of individual compounds in ambient air were calculated from gas phase concentrations and wind speed. The highest concentrations and flux values were observed for the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene (14.3 µg.m −2 s −1 ), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (5.27 µg.m −2 s −1 ), toluene (4.40 µg.m −2 s −1 ), and the aliphatic hydrocarbons i-butane (7.87 µg.m −2 s −1 ), ipentane (3.61 µg.m −2 s −1 ) and n-butane (3.23 µg.m −2 s −1 ). The measured concentrations and fluxes were used to calculate the efficiency of removal of VOCs by snow, which is defined as difference between the initial and final concentration/flux values of compounds before and after wet deposition. The removal efficiency was calculated at −24 • C (−13.7 • C) and ranged from 37% (35%) for o-xylene to 93% (63%) for i-pentane. The distribution coefficients of VOCs between the air and snow phases were derived from published poly-parameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) data, and compared with distribution coefficients obtained from the simultaneous measurements of VOC concentrations in air and snow at Jungfraujoch. The coefficients calculated from pp-LFER exceeded those values measured in the present study, which indicates more efficient snow scavenging of the VOCs investigated than suggested by theoretical predictions.Correspondence to: E. Starokozhev

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“…Measurements have been obtained using aircrafts (Blake et al, 1996;Bechara et al, 2008;Baker et al, 2010) and tethered balloons (Helmig et al, 1998;Spirig et al, 2004) operated at different heights. Ground-based measurements of VOCs at high-altitude stations have also been conducted in various locations, such as North America (Swanson et al, 2003;Khwaja and Narang, 2008;Burley et al, 2016), Europe (Karl et al, 2001;Li et al, 2005;Helmig et al, 2008;Lanz et al, 2009;Lo Vullo et al, 2016a, b), Africa (Schmitt and Volz-Thomas, 1997), East Asia (Sharma et al, 2000;Suthawaree et al, 2010;Xue et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2016), and Hawaii (Greenberg et al, 1992(Greenberg et al, , 1996 the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Yearlong and multiple-year measurements of tropospheric ozone Dokiya et al, 2001), water-soluble ions from aerosol samples (Suzuki et al, 2008), and rainwater ) have been successfully obtained at the FRS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Summertime Volatile Organic Compounds in the Lower Free Troposphere: Background Measurements at Mt. Fuji

Ou-Yang

Chang

Wang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Air samples were collected at Mt. Fuji Research Station (FRS) for the measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the summers of 2015 and 2016. In this study, 24 compounds were analyzed, of which only 12 halocarbons were quantified in 2015. The average total concentrations of target VOCs were 2.62 ± 1.38 and 2.99 ± 0.95 ppb in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The concentrations of individual VOCs ranged from a few ppt to a few ppb, indicating a highly inhomogeneous feature at the FRS. A cluster analysis of 3-day backward trajectories was performed for the sampling time. Except for the aromatic compounds, the VOCs showed relatively low concentrations in association with air masses originating from the coastal region in the low latitudes (15°N-35°N) of East Asia in 2015. By contrast, the clusters with elevated VOC concentrations mainly came from the high latitudes (35°N-60°N) of the Asian continent in 2016. No particular diurnal pattern was found for VOCs and CO, which might have resulted from suppressed mountain-valley winds at the FRS. Halocarbons regulated by the Montreal Protocol showed low variability and were in favorable agreement with background values at the Gosan station (GSN) and those reported in the literature. Other partially halogenated compounds with higher variability, such as CH 3 Cl and CHCl 3 , showed discrepancies at the FRS and GSN. 1,2-dichloroethane (R-150), 1,1-dichloroethane (R-150a), and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) were also measured at the FRS with concentrations of 24 ± 14, 38 ± 13, and 13 ± 10 ppt, respectively, in 2015. A close relationship between n-pentane and i-pentane with R 2 more than 0.85 was found in both 2015 and 2016. Low ratios of n/i-pentane ranging from 0.25 to 0.67 were observed in the free troposphere at the FRS, comparable to most mountain stations.

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Hydrocarbon concentrations at the Alpine mountain sites Jungfraujoch and Arosa

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

Atmospheric Science Research at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Site Description and History

Atmospheric Science Research at Whiteface Mountain, NY: Site Description and History

Distribution of VOCs between air and snow at the Jungfraujoch high alpine research station, Switzerland, during CLACE 5 (winter 2006)

Characteristics of Summertime Volatile Organic Compounds in the Lower Free Troposphere: Background Measurements at Mt. Fuji

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