Hydrocephalus with lateral ventricular lesions: case series and review of literature

Alselisly, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed; Ashry, Ahmed Hamdy; Mahmoud, Ayman Tarek

doi:10.1186/s41983-021-00283-7

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ventricular catheters cannot be placed if cerebral edema has obliterated or significantly compressed the ventricles. In contrast to EVD, subdural and intraparenchymal monitors cannot be used to drain CSF, but can be placed in patients with ventricles of any size Such an event is in accordance with theories that blood and high protein content in the CSF affect the arachnoid granulations and reduce the absorption of CSF [49].…”

Section: Hydrocephalussupporting

confidence: 55%

Intracranial emergencies in neurosurgical oncology: pathophysiology and clinical management

Faraj

Snyder²,

McCutcheon³

2022

Emerg Cancer Care

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Intracranial tumors pose a challenge in neurosurgery, especially when patients present emergently or require emergency surgery. Tackling an acute change in the patient’s mental status is the primary reason for seeking an emergency surgery in the setting of an intracranial tumor. In addressing tumor-related complications, the aim of surgery is to relieve elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), confirm a diagnosis, improve or stabilize function, and extend the patient’s life by preventing herniation.Tumors and peritumoral edema form a space-occupying lesion that causes mass effect on nearby structures and elevates ICP. Surgical management involves (1) external ventricular drain (EVD) placement to monitor ICP, lower the volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and temporarily treat intracranial hypertension, (2) resection of the space-occupying mass responsible for the rise in ICP, and (3) in some patients, decompressive craniectomy (DC). Patients with brain tumors may also present with hydrocephalus due to the tumor’s obstructing CSF flow or disrupting CSF absorption. Tumors also cause tumor-associated epilepsy (TAE) and status epilepticus (TASE). TASE is a life-threatening condition characterized by an abnormally prolonged generalized seizure (or a chain of multiple seizures) without recovery of consciousness to baseline. Time is of the essence when managing TAE and TASE, and surgical resection of the tumor-associated epileptogenic focus can be curative. Brain tumors and their treatment can also provoke ischemic stroke, intratumoral hemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis depending on their location. Hemorrhagic infarction of pituitary adenomas leading to rapid expansion of the sellar region and acute pituitary gland dysfunction is known as pituitary apoplexy. Here, optimizing the patient’s hemodynamic status and treating adrenal insufficiency are crucial upon presentation. Emergency surgical resection plays an important role in saving nearby neurovascular entities when conservative treatment proves inadequate. Finally, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) occur as a result of immunologic compromise caused by the tumor itself or by its treatment.In conclusion, in severe and rapidly progressing cases in which the patient presents with altered mental status and neurologic deficits, an emergency neurosurgical procedure is indicated for removal of the cause(s) of the excess ICP, protection of brain function, and monitoring of ICP.

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Section: Hydrocephalussupporting

confidence: 55%

Intracranial emergencies in neurosurgical oncology: pathophysiology and clinical management

Faraj

Snyder²,

McCutcheon³

2022

Emerg Cancer Care

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“…In terms of prognosis for the patient, studies show that significant deleterious effects may occur in the long run if hydrocephalus is not treated promptly [5]. Therefore, it is imperative to find the underlying etiology that led to the occurrence of hydrocephalus within the patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is imperative to find the underlying etiology that led to the occurrence of hydrocephalus within the patient. The most probable cause of noncommunicating hydrocephalus within the patient's age demographic is a ventricular lesion [5]. Nevertheless, no specific tumors were identified on the CT or the MRI making the presence of an obstructive neoplasm unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned in the introduction, while alterations and future procedures may be necessary to manage atypical hydrocephalus, the patient may have led a relatively normal life if his condition was promptly managed [5]. The patient's age may have been a contributing factor to why the diagnosis of Factor VII deficiency was made so late.…”

Section: American Journal Of Biomedical Science and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complications can readily occur, and these procedures may not necessarily provide a safeguard against future instances of hydrocephalus [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Rare Case of Acute Onset of Hydrocephalus in a Nineteen-Year-Old Patient

Ranasinghe¹

2021

AJBSR

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Hydrocephalus is a rare disorder characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the ventricles of the brain. The disease has multiple etiologies including, but not limited to, congenital malformations, neoplasms, and infections. The case discussed in this report pertains to a 19-year-old male who presented with acute hydrocephalus. Initial workups such as physical exams, CBC, chemistry panel, CT imaging and ECG were performed. Furthermore, initial treatment with Diamox and dexamethasone was started. The patient was then moved to the neurosurgery department at a tertiary hospital where an EVD was placed. Unfortunately, the patient had a complication during the EVD placement and developed an epidural hematoma and swelling in the posterior fossa a few days afterward. Furthermore, the patient was diagnosed with a Factor VII deficiency and started on replacement therapy. Despite medical treatment, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate, and he passed away 44 days after admission into the tertiary hospital. Due to the patient's age group as well as the presence of a concurrent clotting disorder, ascertaining the ideal treatment proved to be difficult. Therefore, a review of the case as well as meta-analysis of related articles may shine a light on how to not only diagnose the underlying causes of hydrocephalus but also discuss strategies that can be undertaken if comorbid conditions are present.

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Case report: Intraventricular tumor removal using transcallosal approach and follow-up in three dogs

Lehner,

Czeibert,

Csébi

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This case series describes the surgical removal of lateral ventricular tumors using a transcallosal approach, long-term follow-up, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results of 3 dogs. Two tumors were benign choroid plexus tumors (CPT). One was a grade 2 astrocytoma. Complete tumor removal was achieved using the transcallosal approach. All dogs had ventriculomegaly which remained static or progressed during the follow-up period. All dogs had epileptic seizures before the surgical procedure which persisted despite tumor removal. One dog with CPT was alive after 3 years and 5 months and had minor focal seizures every 3–4 months. No other clinical signs were observed. The second dog with CPT was neurologically free for 17 months after the surgical procedure but died due to acute-onset therapy-resistant generalized epileptic seizures. The third dog with intraventricular astrocytoma experienced epileptic seizures 2 and 4 months after the surgical procedure. The second event was therapy-resistant which led to death.

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Hydrocephalus with lateral ventricular lesions: case series and review of literature

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Intracranial emergencies in neurosurgical oncology: pathophysiology and clinical management

Intracranial emergencies in neurosurgical oncology: pathophysiology and clinical management

A Rare Case of Acute Onset of Hydrocephalus in a Nineteen-Year-Old Patient

Case report: Intraventricular tumor removal using transcallosal approach and follow-up in three dogs

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