Hydrochemical characterization, physicochemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater in Sidi Kada Mountains, northwest of Algeria

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Assessment of some Groundwaters in Al-Khoarah, Rabigh Governorate, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

“…Total coliform counts were positively correlated with several physicochemical factors, including nitrate and calcium levels. Several studies confirm a negative correlation between sulfate and magnesium, potassium and sodium (Maghraby & Bamousa, 2021; Kenniche et al, 2022). Vector scaling: 0.31 located near groundwater reservoirs and wells are a major source of contamination and microorganisms in the water.…”

A Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Groundwater in the Coastal Area of the Dagujia River Basin, China

“…The pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) of groundwater were first tested immediately after groundwater sampling, and then, the samples were stored at 4 • C immediately after sampling for further analyses. The potassium (K + ) and sodium (Na + ) concentrations were analyzed using a flame photometer, while magnesium (Mg 2+ ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) were determined using the titration method [9]. The sulfate (SO 4 2− ), chloride (Cl − ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ) were measured using ion chromatography [5,13].…”

“…As shown in Figure 2c, higher Ca 2+ concentrations in the QA were mainly observed in the northeastern part, which may be related to the saline water interaction. The high Ca 2+ concentrations in the BA may be derived from rock dissolution [9]. Moreover, the high Ca 2+ concentrations may also be related to anthropogenic activities.…”

“…On the other hand, HCO 3 − showed moderate positive correlations with Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in both aquifers, while SO 4 2− revealed a moderate to good positive correlation with Ca 2+ , suggesting carbonates and sulfate minerals dissolutions. According to the previous studies [9,39], the diagram of (Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )/(HCO 3 − +SO 4 2− ) can be selected to reveal the sources of the four ions (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO 3 − and SO 4 2− ). Figure 4c showed that most of the samples were distributed near the 1:1 line, indicating that the water-rock interactions are the major source of these four major ions [40].…”

“…Numerous methods, including the influencing factor method, Pearson's correlation, graphical method, multivariate statistical analysis and geochemical modeling, have been selected to research the hydrochemical properties of groundwater [4,[7][8][9][10][11]. Meanwhile, the geographic information system (GIS) has become a useful and convenient tool to collect, classify and visualize associated non-spatial data and spatial features of groundwater.…”