Hydrofluoric acid burns

Hatzifotis, Michael; Williams, Ashley; Müller, Michael; Pegg, Shane

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2003.09.031

Cited by 65 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hydrofluoric acid is the inorganic acid hydrogen fluoride. Industrially, hydrofluoric acid is used to etch silica-based materials, clean metal surfaces before electroplating, and etch silicon wafers in electronic semiconductor materials [47][48][49][50] . Concentrations of 4%-10% hydrofluoric acid are typically used in the dental clinic and dental laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental zirconia can be etched by hydrofluoric acid

et al. 2014

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The surface morphology and crystal structure change of dental zirconia after hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching were evaluated. Four groups of sintered zirconia specimens were 1) control group, 2) immersion in 9.5%HF at 25 o C for 1, 2, 3, or 24 h, 3) immersion in 9.5%HF at 80o C for 1, 3, 5, or 30 min and 4) immersion in 48%HF at 25 o C for 30 or 60 min. The specimens were evaluated under SEM and XRD. The SEM analysis revealed changes in surface topography for all the HF-etched zirconia specimens. The irregularities surface increased with increasingly longer immersion times and higher etching solution temperatures. The XRD analysis of the HFetched zirconia specimens revealed the presence of a crystalline monoclinic phase along with a tetragonal form. It was concluded HF can etch dental zirconia ceramic, creating micro-morphological changes. Tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was induced on the etched zirconia surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental zirconia can be etched by hydrofluoric acid

et al. 2014

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“…The values of serum calcium ion distributed from 1.88 mmol/l to 2.80 mmol/l, and averaged as 2.29±0.17 mmol/l in all the cases, among which 5 cases revealed the values below easily penetrate the skin and the lipid barrier, combine with calcium ions and magnesium ions in the hypodermal layer to form the insoluble salts, and specifically result in tissue liquefaction and necrosis [10]. The appearing time of clinical symptoms and signs after HF burn is strongly related to the concentration of HF to which the patient has been exposed and the duration of that exposure [11].…”

Section: Laboratory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, their external use on wounds does not bring substantial curative effects. Although the tissue penetration of calcium ions and magnesium ions could be enhanced by adding dimethyl sulfoxide [10] or using iontophoretic delivery [15], the practical effects remain controversial. Some auxiliary measures seem necessary.…”

Section: Laboratory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical arterial infusion of calcium gluconate: The preferred method for treating hydrofluoric acid burns of distal human limbs

Zhang¹,

Ni²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of arterial infusions of calcium gluconate to treat hydrofluoric (HF) acid burns of the distal human limbs. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients with HF burn limbs, collected from January 2008 to October 2011, were given the arterial infusion of calcium gluconate into the injured limbs. The measures of pain were conducted before the infusion, immediately after the infusion, 4 h after the infusion, and 2 days after the infusion by the visual analogy score (VAS). If the VAS score was higher than 4.0 at the time point 4 h after the first infusion, the infusion was repeated. The time of wound healing, and the number and ratio of the cases receiving the surgical operation were also evaluated. Results: A total of 118 patients, male (107 cases) and female (11 cases), were collected, including 64 cases of outpatients and 54 cases of inpatients. The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 60 years, with the mean age of 37.6. The burn sites were located in the lateral limbs (28 cases) and in the unilateral limbs (90 cases). For 107 cases, the pain scores decreased quickly after the first infusion. The other 11 cases, with the VAS score higher than 4.0 at the time point 4 h after the first infusion, received the second infusion. The average time of wound healing and the ratio of the cases receiving the surgical operation were closely related to the interval from the injury to the reception of infusion. Conclusions: Arterial infusion of calcium gluconate, effectively relieving the pain, blocking wound progressive deepening, and causing no adverse effects, could be the preferential method to treat hydrofluoric acid burns of the distal human limbs.

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“…Clinically, the morbidity of the burn is directly proportional to the concentration of HF, the duration of exposure, and the immediacy and adequacy of first aid measures (eg, copious irrigation). In the industrial setting, concentrations can reach levels >20%; however, the majority of patients are burned at 1% to 3% concentration, more commonly present in cleaning solutions and solvents (4)(5)(6). It is useful to categorize exposures based on the concentration of acid.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%