Hydroflux Synthesis and Structural Phase Transition of Rare‐Earth Borate Hydroxides Na₂[RE(BO₃)(OH)₂] (RE=Y, Gd−Er)

Abstract

Reacting RE2O3 and H3BO3 in an ultra‐alkaline NaOH hydroflux at about 250 °C yielded pure, crystalline samples of Na2[RE(BO3)(OH)2] (RE = Y, Gd–Er). The compounds dehydrate to Na3RE(BO3)2 upon heating in air to about 500 °C. Na2[RE(BO3)(OH)2] (RE = Tb–Er) are photoluminescent under UV radiation. Their UV‐Vis spectra show the typical absorptions associated with 4f‐4f transitions and absorption edges in the UV (band gaps ≥ 5.7 eV). The RE3+ cation is coordinated by seven oxygen atoms, which define a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The bipyramids share trans‐edges of their base forming infinite chains. Triangular (BO3)3– groups connect the chains into layers. The crystal structure of Na2[Ho(BO3)(OH)2] was investigated at various temperatures in the range 100 K ≤ T ≤ 320 K. Above 310(2) K, the compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm (β‐phase), below, it undergoes a displacive phase transition of second order resulting in a monoclinic structure in space group C2/c (α‐phase). The critical exponents derived from different structural parameters indicate a cooperative distortion of the borate layers, but a rather uncorrelated adaptation of the sodium cations to their local environment. The other compounds of the series also adopt the structure of the α‐phase at 296 K.