Hydrogen, 6. Uses

Häussinger, Peter; Lohmüller, Reiner; Watson, Allan M.

doi:10.1002/14356007.o13_o07

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Recently, hydrogen has received increasing recognition as a viable energy storage medium as well as a potential transport fuel [1]. Enforced by the growing low-emission regulations, hydrogen as energy source in combustion engines or in fuel cell applications is additionally favored [2]. For automotive fuel supply, especially the liquid state of hydrogen shows a high potential for perspective cost-efficient transportation and larger refueling stations [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction

Donaubauer,

Cardella,

Decker

et al. 2019

Chem Eng & Technol

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A major challenge for hydrogen liquefaction is the required catalytic ortho-para hydrogen conversion. Efficient liquefaction plants use catalyst-filled plate-fin heat exchangers for the conversion. Kinetics of the allotropic reaction are determined using raw literature data on common first-order and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, including temperature and molar concentration dependencies. Evaluation and comparison of the obtained kinetics results in the first-order approach as the most stable model. A one-dimensional continuum reactor model of the counterflow-cooled, catalyst-filled plate-fin heat exchanger is developed and tested combining correlations for heat, mass, and momentum transfer as well as a stateof-the-art equation-of-state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For automotive fuel supply, especially the liquid state of hydrogen shows a high potential for perspective cost-efficient transportation and larger refueling stations [3]. However, existing industrial liquefaction of hydrogen is currently comparatively expensive and energyintensive when produced at a small scale [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction

Donaubauer,

Cardella,

Decker

et al. 2019

Chem Eng & Technol

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“…In the petrochemical industry, it is used for hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, and reforming. The chemical industry uses hydrogen, inter alia, to produce ammonia, produce margarine by hydrogenating the unsaturated fats in vegetable oils, reduce iron ores, and to produce hydrogen chloride by combining chlorine and hydrogen [4]. In the food industry, it is used as a food additive (E949), as it protects packaged goods against oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy in the Context of the EU’s Strategic Documents on Hydrogen

Gawlik

Mokrzycki

2021

Energies

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In December 2019, the European Commission unveiled an ambitious project, the European Green Deal, which aims to lead the European Union to climate neutrality by 2050. This is a significant challenge for all EU countries, and especially for Poland. The role of hydrogen in the processes of decarbonization of the economy and transport is being discussed in many countries around the world to find rational solutions to this difficult and complex problem. There is an ongoing discussion about the hydrogen economy, which covers the production of hydrogen, its storage, transport, and conversion to the desired forms of energy, primarily electricity, mechanical energy, and new fuels. The development of the hydrogen economy can significantly support the achievement of climate neutrality. The belief that hydrogen plays an important role in the transformation of the energy sector is widespread. There are many technical and economic challenges, as well as legal and logistical barriers to deal with in the transition process. The development of hydrogen technologies and a global sustainable energy system that uses hydrogen offers a real opportunity to solve the challenges facing the global energy industry: meeting the need for clean fuels, increasing the efficiency of fuel and energy production, and significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy, a document that sets out the directions for the development of hydrogen use (competences and technologies) in the energy, transport, and industrial sectors. This analysis is presented against the background of the European Commission’s document ‘A Hydrogen Strategy for a Climate-Neutral Europe’. The draft project presented is a good basis for further discussion on the directions of development of the Polish economy. The Polish Hydrogen Strategy, although it was created later than the EU document, does not fully follow its guidelines. The directions for further work on the hydrogen strategy are indicated so that its final version can become a driving force for the development of the country’s economy.

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“…Hydrogen is essential in many industrial processes, such as the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats, 1 production of stainless steel (ss) 2 and ammonia, 3 and crude oil purification. 4 Hydrogen also has potential as a clean fuel for fuel cells that does not result in the emission of greenhouse gases at the point of use.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structurally Diverse Covalent Triazine-based Framework Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

Meier¹,

Clowes²,

Berardo³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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<div> <div> <p>A structurally diverse family of 39 covalent triazine-based framework materials (CTFs) is synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation and tested as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts using a high-throughput workflow. The two best-performing CTFs are based on benzonitrile and dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>d</i>]thiophene sulfone linkers, respectively, with catalytic activities that are among the highest for this material class. The activities of the different CTFs are rationalized in terms of four variables: the predicted electron affinity, the predicted ionization potential, the optical gap, and the dispersibility of the CTFs particles in solution, as measured by optical transmittance. The electron affinity and dispersibility in solution are the best predictors of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.</p> </div> </div>

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Hydrogen, 6. Uses

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Conventional Uses 1.1. Hydrogen in the Chemical Industry … Show more

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction

Kinetics and Heat Exchanger Design for Catalytic Ortho‐Para Hydrogen Conversion during Liquefaction

Analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy in the Context of the EU’s Strategic Documents on Hydrogen

Structurally Diverse Covalent Triazine-based Framework Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

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