Hydrogen-induced cracking and healing behaviour of X70 steel

Dong, Chaofang; Li, X.G.; Liu, Z.Y.; Zhang, Y.R.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.05.085

Cited by 101 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another example of HICC under a surface blister is shown in Figure 3 This observation is consistent with the results reported by Dong et al [26] on the capacity of Ca-Al oxides to act as initiation sites for HICC in hydrogen charged X70 steel. Interfacial decohesion is likely to have occurred around the large particle shown in Figure 3(c), followed by crack extension in three main directions due the stress state around the particle.…”

Section: Microstructure Characterisationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters

Saleh

Hejazi

Gazder

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Pereloma, E. V. (2016). Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41 (28), 12424-12435. Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters AbstractHydrogen-induced cold cracking and blistering in hydrogen-charged X70 steel was found to be highly dependent on microstructure, with the banded ferrite-pearlite microstructure of hot rolled strip showing a higher susceptibility than other microstructures produced by different thermal-mechanical routes. Although crack initiation was particularly sensitive to microstructure, crack growth occurred largely parallel to the rolling plane, at least at a macroscopic level, for all of the microstructures investigated. The crack plane was associated with structural anisotropy arising from processing by rolling and was not found to be related to a preferred grain orientation. At a microstructural level, crack propagation was mostly transgranular and occurred dominantly along slip planes of the ferrite grains. Cracks were initiated at strong traps in the microstructure when the hydrogen and local stress concentrations reached critical levels for hydrogeninduced fracture. The main initiation sites were coarse inclusions, mainly oxides, and ferrite-pearlite interfaces. Keywords: X70 pipeline steel, electrolytic hydrogen charging, hydrogen-induced cold cracking (HICC), effect of microstructure, crystallography of cracking, effect of grain texture.

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Section: Microstructure Characterisationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters

Saleh

Hejazi

Gazder

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Cathodic hydrogen charging of the samples at a current density of 50 mA/cm 2 In order to minimize hydrogen loss TPB tests were conducted using a Instron 5566 machine within 10 minutes of charging. The samples were subjected to a series of loading-unloading cycles and load vs. load line displacement curves were obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Wei and Tsuzaki [56], NbC precipitates are stronger traps than TiC in tempered martensitic structures and in API X70 steels, subjected to electrochemical charging in H 2 SO 4 solutions. Dong et al [2] have reported that rather than nitrides of Ti and Nb being the main trap sites that cause HIC, coarser inclusions such as oxides play a dominant role. As regards, MnS inclusions, Pressouyre and Berstein [9]considered them to be strong irreversible trapping sites for hydrogen.…”

Section: Effect Of Precipitatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend has been motivated by the economical benefits of higher strength pipelines which can result in smaller diameter, thinner walled pipes and consequently reduced welding cost, pipe transport-to-site costs and eventually gas transportation costs [1]. Hydrogen is a common contaminant to pipeline steels, due to environmental exposure and particularly as a result of girth welding, X70 is known to be susceptible to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) due to hydrogen absorption [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain boundaries and dislocations are weak traps with low binding energies. On the other hand, the interfaces of non-metallic inclusions such as MnS, oxides and oxysulphides of Al and Ca, and precipitates like TiC are considered to be strong irreversible traps for hydrogen at normal service temperatures [2,[8][9][10] [2-4, 6, 11-16]. Large inclusions such as elongated MnS and clusters or stringers of oxides have been reported to increase the susceptibility of steels to HIC [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of manganese content and microstructure on the susceptibility of X70 pipeline steel to hydrogen cracking

Hejazi

Haq

Yazdipour

et al. 2012

Materials Science and Engineering: A

118

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The influence of composition and microstructure on susceptibility to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) was investigated in high strength pipeline steels, with Mn contents of 1.2% (standard, X70), and 0.5% (medium, MX70). The HIC resistance of the simulated coarse grained heat affected zone microstructures and normalized X70 transfer bar was also investigated. Notched and fatigue pre-cracked samples were charged with hydrogen prior to three point bend tests. The conditional fracture toughness JQ was determined. The results are discussed in relation to grain size, microstructure, composition and the type and distribution of non-metallic inclusions and precipitates. Published as "Effect of manganese content and microstructure on the susceptibility of X70 pipeline steel to hydrogen cracking" AbstractHydrogen, even in very low concentrations, can diffuse to regions of high stress concentration resulting in a degradation of mechanical properties. However, the transport of hydrogen depends on the interaction between hydrogen atoms and microstructural traps which, in turn, is related to microstructure. The influence of composition and microstructure on susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement was investigated by selecting pipeline steels with different Mn contents, i.e., standard Mn (X70) and medium Mn (MX70) strips. The HAZ (heat affected zone) microstructures of these strips as well as a normlised transfer bar (TB) were also investigated. HAZ simulations were conducted using Gleeble thermo-mechanical machine to simulate a thermal cycle typical of inservice repairs. Notched and fatigue pre-cracked samples were subjected to electrochemical hydrogen charging using a solution of H 2 SO 4 and NaAsO 2 to achieve 2 and 4 ppm hydrogen content. Three point bend tests were conducted on as-received and hydrogen-charged samples. The X70 strip exhibited a higher J Q than the MX70 strip before and after charging, whereas the TB displayed the lowest J Q . The fracture performance of both steels deteriorated almost linearly with an increase in the hydrogen content. Because of their coarser prior austenite grain sizes and the presence of relatively hard bainitic-ferrite structure with martensite/austenite islands, the simulated HAZ microstructures of the two steels demonstrated significantly lower fracture resistance both with and without hydrogen. The results obtained were compared and discussed in relation to the grain size, microstructure, composition and the type and distribution of precipitates in the samples.

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Hydrogen‐induced Damage ( HTHA , Embrittlement and Blistering)

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Hydrogen Energy

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Hydrogen-induced cracking and healing behaviour of X70 steel

Cited by 101 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters

Investigation of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging of X70 steel: II. Microstructural and crystallographic analyses of the formation of hydrogen induced cracks and blisters

Effect of manganese content and microstructure on the susceptibility of X70 pipeline steel to hydrogen cracking

Hydrogen‐induced Damage ( HTHA , Embrittlement and Blistering)

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