Hydrogen jet fires in a passively ventilated enclosure

Numerical validation of pressure peaking from an ignited hydrogen release in a laboratory-scale enclosure and application to a garage scenario

“…Examples of applications include fuel cells in enclosures, vehicles in garages and car parks, hydrogen powered forklifts in warehouses etc. The indoor use of hydrogen and fuel cell applications presents a number of safety issues, several of which have been the focus of recent investigations, including those conducted within the HyIndoor project [2,13].…”

“…This study utilises laboratory scale experimental cases recently published [11], to validate a numerical model for hydrogen fires, with a focus on the pressure dynamics. Whilst larger scale experiments of hydrogen fires in enclosures are also presented in the literature [13], these were specifically designed to avoid significant overpressures and were not used in this validation study. The validated model was then applied to a real scale scenario to predict overpressure resulting from an ignited TPRD release in a typical garage cases in order to provide recommendations for a safe vent and TPRD diameter.…”

Analysis of historic fires to determine most frequent challenging events

“…Fire experiment data are broadly used directly in PRA or used to validate models for PRA of NPPs. A description of the frequent challenging fire events and how they relate to previously performed fire experiments (McGrattan et al, 2012;Avidor et al, 2003;Plumecocq et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2008;McAllister and Finney, 2016;Zhao et al, 2017Zhao et al, , 2019bYou et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016;Bowes and Langford, 1967;Hooker et al, 2017) is provided below.…”

Pressure effects of an ignited release from onboard storage in a garage with a single vent

“…By understanding the hazards arising due to placement of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles in confined environments, steps can be taken towards reduction of associated hazards and risks by inherently safer design. Indeed, safe indoor use has been the focus of recent investigations, in particular within the HyIndoor Project [1, 2,3] In the majority of passenger cars hydrogen is commonly stored as a compressed gas in tanks. Typical storage pressures for vehicle tanks are in the region of 350 bar to 700 bar.…”