Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Streptococcus pneumoniae Results in Alpha-hemolysis by Oxidation of Oxy-hemoglobin to Met-hemoglobin

McDevitt, Erin; Khan, Faidad; Scasny, Anna; Thompson, Courtney; Eichenbaum, Zehava; McDaniel, Larry S.; Vidal, Jorge E.

doi:10.1128/msphere.01117-20

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rinsing solutions do not appear in medication lists and were only noticed when surgeons performed the rinsing procedure with hydrogen peroxide 3%, which was then considered to be the most likely causative factor. A search in literature resulted in several case reports 7,8 affirming our consideration. Rinsing with hydrogen peroxide 3% was discontinued and replaced by sodium chloride 0.9% solution.…”

Section: Case Summarysupporting

confidence: 61%

Elevated methaemoglobin in a critically ill patient as a result of hydrogen peroxide exposure: A case study

et al. 2021

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What is known and objective: Formation of methaemoglobinaemia (MetHb) decreases oxygen capacity in the blood, leading to tissue hypoxia. This condition may be acquired following exposure to certain drugs. Case summary: A critically ill patient with necrotizing fasciitis unexpectedly developed marked and unexplained MetHb (6.7%). Her digital medication list did not reveal the causative factor. However, deeper exploration showed the use of other compounds (acetone, hydrogen peroxide) not routinely visible on the medication list.What is new and conclusion: Elevated MetHb likely resulted from high-volume hydrogen peroxide 3% exposure. Clinicians should be cautious rinsing large open wounds with hydrogen peroxide. When MetHb is diagnosed, less familiar compounds, usually not on the medication list, should be considered in the differential diagnosis and extensive hetero-anamnesis is mandatory.

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Section: Case Summarysupporting

confidence: 61%

Elevated methaemoglobin in a critically ill patient as a result of hydrogen peroxide exposure: A case study

et al. 2021

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“…When the MGC42 strain was grown on 5% sheep blood agar nutrient media for 16 to 18 h, the hemoglobin of blood cells around and below the colonies was reduced to green methemoglobin, which was confirmed by the strain’s α-hemolytic activity ( Figure 3B ). The oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin (Fe+2) to non-oxygen-binding methemoglobin (Fe+3) by hydrogen peroxide causes α-hemolysis ( McDevitt et al., 2020 ). The hly D (ORF00074) protein, the second component of the hemolysin secretion system (T1SS), is responsible for this phenomenon; however, we did not find any other component of this system in the genome of the MGC42 strain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Highly Colistin-Resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum: a Rare, Uncommon Pathogen

Gaur

Dey

Sahu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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For the first time, we describe the whole genome of a yellow-pigmented, capsule-producing, pathogenic, and colistin-resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum strain MGC42 isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in India. VITEK 2 automated system initially identified this isolate as C. indologenes. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that MGC42 shared 99.67% sequence identity with C. gallinarum–type strain DSM 27622. The draft genome of the strain MGC42 was 4,455,926 bp long with 37.08% Guanine-Cytosine (GC) content and was devoid of any plasmid. Antibiotic resistance, virulence, and toxin genes were predicted by implementing a machine learning classifier. Potential homologs of 340 virulence genes including hemolysin secretion protein D, metalloprotease, catalase peroxidases and autotransporter adhesins, type VI secretion system (T6SS) spike proteins, and 27 toxin factors including a novel toxin domain Ntox23 were identified in the genome. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs of 110 transporter proteins were predicted that were in agreement with moderate efflux activity. Twelve antibiotic resistance genes including two potentially novel putative β-lactamase genes sharing low similarity with known β-lactamase genes were also identified in the genome of this strain. The strain MGC42 was also resistant to several classes of antibiotics along with carbapenems and polymyxin. We also identified mutations in the orthologs of pmrB (M384T) and lpxD (I66V) that might be responsible for colistin resistance. The MGC42 strain shared 683 core genes with other environmental and clinical strains of Chryseobacterium species. Our findings suggest that the strain MGC42 is a multidrug-resistant, virulent pathogen and recommend 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify clinical specimens of Chryseobacterium species.

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“…Both spxB (the major contributor of and making H 2 O 2 ) and lcto are upregulated limited aeration conditions compared to anaerobic growth in BHI ( Echlin et al., 2016 ; Lisher et al., 2017 ). Interestingly, it is H 2 O 2 made by SpxB and LctO that causes α-hemolysis in blood ( McDevitt et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Media Matters: Effects Of Media On Gene Expression and Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Matters, Examining Historical and Modern Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth Media and the Experiments They Affect

Sanchez-Rosario

Johnson

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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While some bacteria can thrive for generations in minerals and salts, many require lavish nutrition and specific chemicals to survive to the point where they can be observed and researched. Although researchers once boiled and rendered animal flesh and bones to obtain a media that facilitated bacterial growth, we now have a plethora of formulations and manufacturers to provide dehydrated flavors of historical, modified, and modern media. The purpose of media has evolved from simple isolation to more measured study. However, in some instances, media formulated to aid the metabolic, nutritional, or physical properties of microbes may not be best suited for studying pathogen behavior or resilience as a function of host interactions. While there have been comparative studies on handfuls of these media in Streptococcus pneumoniae, this review focuses on describing both the historical and modern composition of common complex (Todd Hewitt and M17), semi-defined (Adams and Roe), and defined pneumococcal media (RPMI and Van de Rijn and Kessler), key components discovered/needed for cultivation/growth enhancement, and effects these different media have on bacterial phenotypes and experimental outcomes. While many researchers find the best conditions to grow and experiment on their bacteria of choice, the reasons for some researchers to use a specific medium is at best, not discussed, and at worst, arbitrary. As such, the goal of this review is to highlight the differences in pneumococcal media to encourage investigators to challenge their decisions on why they use a given medium, discuss the recipe, and explain their reasoning.

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Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Streptococcus pneumoniae Results in Alpha-hemolysis by Oxidation of Oxy-hemoglobin to Met-hemoglobin

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Elevated methaemoglobin in a critically ill patient as a result of hydrogen peroxide exposure: A case study

Elevated methaemoglobin in a critically ill patient as a result of hydrogen peroxide exposure: A case study

Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Highly Colistin-Resistant Chryseobacterium gallinarum: a Rare, Uncommon Pathogen

Media Matters, Examining Historical and Modern Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth Media and the Experiments They Affect

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