Hydrogen production from methane in the presence of red mud –making mud magnetic

Balakrishnan, Malini; Batra, Vidya S.; Hargreaves, J. S. J.; Monaghan, Andrew; Pulford, I. D.; Rico, José Luis; Sushil, Snigdha

doi:10.1039/b815834g

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…12) shows an initial weight increase between 350 and 500°C, possibly from the Fig. 9 Hydrogen formation rates as a function of TOS for CH 4 decomposition over the nailworks waste and RM7 samples in a temperature-programmed reaction from 600 to 800°C. The CH 4 /N 2 flow rate was 12 ml/min over 0.4 g sample oxidation of reduced iron compounds followed by a decrease of up to 700°C from carbon oxidation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starting red mud was RM7 which has been characterized previously [4]. Toluene exposure was undertaken in a fixed bed reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample from a former nailwork factory site (at Lennoxtown in Scotland) was also used. The sample was tested and compared with unmodified red mud for methane decomposition using the procedure detailed elsewhere [4]. The H 2 quantification was undertaken using online GC (Hewlett Packard 5890A) provided with a TCD and a Molecular Sieve 13X packed column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogen generation, the carbon deposition on red mud after exposure, and its application in heavy metal removal were discussed [4][5][6]. In this way, it was shown that two waste products-red mud and methane (a byproduct of refinery operations and of landfill dumping) could be combined to yield hydrogen and also a magnetic carboncontaining composite which has the potential for further application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different chemical and thermal treatments have been applied to improve the performance. In some processes, red mud has been applied directly where it generally functions as a pre-catalyst being transformed under reaction conditions to the active phase [4]. Other approaches have involved its pretreatment to enhance the performance or its application as a support for catalytically active phases [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrocarbon Cracking Over Red Mud and Modified Red Mud Samples

Alharthi

Hargreaves

Pulford

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The aluminum industry generates large quantities of red mud during the beneficiation of bauxite ore. The red mud is disposed of as a waste in dry or wet form. Given the issues with its disposal due to the large volume and high alkalinity, many research groups and industries have examined the use of red mud for different applications. The use of red mud as a pre-catalyst for the cracking of hydrocarbon leads to hydrogen formation and carbon deposition. Our earlier studies have shown its activity for reaction with methane and the formation of magnetic materials containing iron, iron carbide, and nanocarbon species. In this study, two aspects were studied: one was methane cracking over red mud, modified red mud, and waste from a nailwork factory site and the other was the application of different hydrocarbons, including nitrogencontaining precursors over red mud. Preliminary characterization of the resulting carbon deposits was performed. The activity for methane cracking increased when the red mud was activated and reduced before the reaction. Nitrogen-containing reactants led to the formation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The nitrogen amount and morphology varied with the precursor used and the reaction temperature. This is an attractive application with potential for further modification of the carbon deposits for other catalytic and electrochemical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starting red mud was RM7 which has been characterized previously [4]. Toluene exposure was undertaken in a fixed bed reactor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrocarbon Cracking Over Red Mud and Modified Red Mud Samples

Alharthi

Hargreaves

Pulford

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Fabrication and characterization of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO with enhanced catalytic activity

Chowhan

Gupta

Sharma

2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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Sustainability has become a countersign and guiding rule for current field of nanocatalysis. Herein, we report a cost‐effective, greener, clean, and proficient process for the formation of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO nanocatalyst (ZnO@AC) derived from garment industry waste (waste cotton cloth). Due to adenine functionality, catalyst provides consistent dispersion of ZnO providing catalytically active sites for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and bis(pyrazol‐5‐ole) and alters the electron–hole pair recombination without notable mass‐transfer limitation. The photocatalytic evaluation of ZnO@AC was performed on methyl orange (MO) dye under UV light and 87.3% degradation efficiency resulted in 75 min. Moreover, the catalyst was recyclable and could be reused up to eight runs, making it more sustainable. The morphology of ZnO@AC remained intact with the slight agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles (nps) after eight recoveries according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the used catalyst.

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Acetic Acid Ketonization over Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ for Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil Upgrading

et al. 2017

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A family of silica‐supported, magnetite nanoparticle catalysts was synthesised and investigated for continuous‐flow acetic acid ketonisation as a model pyrolysis bio‐oil upgrading reaction. The physico‐chemical properties of Fe3O4/SiO2 catalysts were characterised by using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and porosimetry. The acid site densities were inversely proportional to the Fe3O4 particle size, although the acid strength and Lewis character were size‐invariant, and correlated with the specific activity for the vapour‐phase acetic ketonisation to acetone. A constant activation energy (∼110 kJ mol−1), turnover frequency (∼13 h−1) and selectivity to acetone of 60 % were observed for ketonisation across the catalyst series, which implies that Fe3O4 is the principal active component of Red Mud waste.

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Hydrogen production from methane in the presence of red mud –making mud magnetic

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Hydrocarbon Cracking Over Red Mud and Modified Red Mud Samples

Hydrocarbon Cracking Over Red Mud and Modified Red Mud Samples

Fabrication and characterization of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO with enhanced catalytic activity

Acetic Acid Ketonization over Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ for Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil Upgrading

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Hydrogen production from methane in the presence of red mud –making mud magnetic

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Hydrocarbon Cracking Over Red Mud and Modified Red Mud Samples

Hydrocarbon Cracking Over Red Mud and Modified Red Mud Samples

Fabrication and characterization of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO with enhanced catalytic activity

Acetic Acid Ketonization over Fe3O4/SiO2 for Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil Upgrading

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Product

Resources

About

Acetic Acid Ketonization over Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ for Pyrolysis Bio‐Oil Upgrading