Hydrogen Reactions in c‐Si:B During Illumination at Room Temperature

Kwapil, Wolfram; Hammann, Benjamin

doi:10.1002/solr.202201107

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…9, we determined for the c-Si solar cells an activation energy of Eact,mono ~0,42 eV. Previous studies have reported values in the range of 0.3 to 0.475 eV [27,33,34].…”

Section: Thermal Activation Energies Of the Defectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Light Induced Degradation Quantification by Monitoring the VOC Output of Silicon Solar Cell Using Low-Cost Real-Time Virtual Instrumentation

Chibane,

Kouhlane,

Bouhafs

et al. 2023

JSMPM

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Silicon-based solar cells suffer from different types of light-induced efficiency losses (can cause up to 10% loss), known as light-induced degradation (LID). Impurities, such as boron, iron, and oxygen, are common at different concentrations in these solar cells. They form active recombination defects in boron-doped mono-crystalline (Cz-Si) and multi-crystalline (mc-Si) solar cells during illumination. For the solar industry, this will lead to serious financial loss, hence the importance of inspecting and controlling the LID level accurately. Seeking to minimize the human factor and the inaccuracy that comes with it, we have proposed in this research a low-cost virtual instrumentation solution to provide a new real-time instrumentation technique for solar cell characteristics such as open circuit voltage (VOC). The virtual data acquisition system (VDAS) design is based on a low-cost Arduino board associated with MATLAB/Simulink software. Moreover, this system can collect in real time the values of solar cell outputs under prolonged illumination and under different temperatures of the LID test. Further, kinetic modeling of the solar cell output VOC variation as a function of light soak duration; shows the predominance of one type metastable defect over the LID test of c-Si solar cells. Additionally, degradation mechanism in mc-Si solar cells involve more than one metastable defect and are more complexes due to the mc-Si substrate elaboration technique compared to c-Si substrate. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the concentrations (NVoc) and the thermal activation energies of the defects have been extracted from the experimental VOC measurements obtained using the VDAS. Finally, the system minimizes the test period and errors for solar cell characterization compared to traditional approaches.

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“…9, we determined for the c-Si solar cells an activation energy of Eact,mono ~0,42 eV. Previous studies have reported values in the range of 0.3 to 0.475 eV [27,33,34].…”

Section: Thermal Activation Energies Of the Defectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Light Induced Degradation Quantification by Monitoring the VOC Output of Silicon Solar Cell Using Low-Cost Real-Time Virtual Instrumentation

Chibane,

Kouhlane,

Bouhafs

et al. 2023

JSMPM

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show abstract

“…Several observers have argued that imposing minimum reserve requirements is a tax on banks. In addition, it is unfair (McCauley and Pinter, 2024a) and introduces distortions (Kwapil(2023)). Let us first concentrate on the use of the word "tax".…”

Section: Imposing Minimum Reserve Requirements Is a Tax On Banksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been noted by some observers (Kwapil, 2023 andS&P Global, 2023) that the use of a two-tier system of reserve requirements in an environment of heterogeneity for the banking sector would create problems. Some banks have relatively few bank reserves.…”

Section: Minimum Reserve Requirements and The Heterogeneity In The Ba...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Conduct Monetary Policies. The ECB in the Past, Present and Future

De Grauwe,

2024

Preprint

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“…Other configurations, such as SnO 2 /PCBM composites and SnO 2 alloyed with c-TiO 2 , have reported PCE values surpassing 19%. 27,28 The favourable optoelectronic properties of SnO 2 make it a compelling candidate for the ETL in PSCs. [29][30][31][32] Low-temperature processed SnO 2 has demonstrated great promise, showing a PCE of 13% with high stability.…”

Section: Role Of Sn In the Etlmentioning

confidence: 99%