Hydrogen Sulfide: A Robust Combatant against Abiotic Stresses in Plants

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is predominantly considered as a gaseous transmitter or signaling molecule in plants. It has been known as a crucial player during various plant cellular and physiological processes and has been gaining unprecedented attention from researchers since decades. They regulate growth and plethora of plant developmental processes such as germination, senescence, defense, and maturation in plants. Owing to its gaseous state, they are effectively diffused towards different parts of the cell to counterbalance the antioxidant pools as well as providing sulfur to cells. H2S participates actively during abiotic stresses and enhances plant tolerance towards adverse conditions by regulation of the antioxidative defense system, oxidative stress signaling, metal transport, Na+/K+ homeostasis, etc. They also maintain H2S-Cys-cycle during abiotic stressed conditions followed by post-translational modifications of cysteine residues. Besides their role during abiotic stresses, crosstalk of H2S with other biomolecules such as NO and phytohormones (abscisic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin, ethylene, etc.) have also been explored in plant signaling. These processes also mediate protein post-translational modifications of cysteine residues. We have mainly highlighted all these biological functions along with proposing novel relevant issues that are required to be addressed further in the near future. Moreover, we have also proposed the possible mechanisms of H2S actions in mediating redox-dependent mechanisms in plant physiology.

Priming avocado with sodium hydrosulfide prior to frost conditions induces the expression of genes involved in protection and stress responses

“…H 2 S has been broadly shown to enhance the activity of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants at different abiotic stresses [see reviews by (Khanna et al, 2021;Corpas et al, 2019b)]. Two key enzymes that regulate the cellular levels of H 2 O 2 , ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), are both targets of H 2 S-mediated persulfidation, with the activity of APX positively affected, while that of CAT negatively affected (Corpas et al, 2019a(Corpas et al, , 2019b.…”

Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Species (RONSS) as a Metabolic Cluster for Signaling and Biostimulation of Plants: An Overview

“…Considering the abovementioned assumptions and that the different metabolic pathways for the energy dissipation and matter transformation may have formed cooperative clusters during the prebiotic era, it is to be expected that RONSS constitutes in modern organisms a system tightly coupled and coordinated with the rest of the cellular processes ( Figure 2 ) [ 7 , 27 , 34 ]. The impact and biological functions of reactive species on plants have been extensively described in the scientific literature for ROS, RNS, and RSS individually [ 12 , 22 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. It has been determined to a much lesser extent for the ROS–RNS, ROS–RSS, and RNS–RSS pairs [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ] and to a lesser extent for the RONSS cluster [ 13 , 34 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Impact of salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide applied singly or in combination on drought tolerance and grain yield in wheat plants

“…Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a gaseous molecule recognized as a gas transmitter, assumes a pivotal role in serving as a signaling mediator in plant stress responses (Khanna et al, 2021). Earlier research by Liu et al (2021) and Zhang et al (2021) has illuminated its multifaceted impacts on bolstering plant resilience to abiotic stresses, particularly drought.…”

“…Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a gaseous molecule recognized as a gas transmitter, assumes a pivotal role in serving as a signaling mediator in plant stress responses (Khanna et al., 2021). Earlier research by Liu et al.…”