“…In the last few decades, VC has been considered an active biological process similar to bone development that is highly regulated and preventable and can be reversed (Boström et al, 2011 ; Lanzer et al, 2014 ). Many endogenous active substances demonstrated to regulate VC via humoral regulation include hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), adrenomedullin, intermedin, cortistatin, and insulin (Zhao and He, 1993 ; Cai et al, 2010a , b ; Liu et al, 2010 ; Chang et al, 2013 ; Lanzer et al, 2014 ; Yang et al, 2016 ). However, the regulation effect of autonomic nerves is still largely unknown.…”