Hydrogeochemical characteristics and trace element of geothermal systems in Central Anatolia, Turkey

Davraz, Ayşen; Nalbantçılar, Mahmut Tahir; Önden, İsmail

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104666

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The mineral saturation index (SI) could be used to qualitatively recognize the minerals that tend to precipitate or dissolve during water-rock interactions [52]. A positive or negative values for the SI can indicate whether the water is saturated or unsaturated with a particular mineral.…”

Section: Mineral Saturation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements of Hot Springs in the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault Zone

Yao,

Zhou,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Water

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Trace elements in hot-spring waters are indicators for tracing hydrochemical processes, such as the deep circulation of geothermal water, the degree of water–rock interaction, redox reactions, the contamination of shallow water by thermal water, etc. In this study, 74 hot springs in the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault Zone (XSHF-XJF) were chosen for an investigation of the geochemical characteristics of trace elements using classic geochemical tools and multivariate statistical analysis. The results indicated (1) the hot-spring waters were mainly derived from atmospheric precipitation as indicated by δD and δ18O values that generally increased with decreasing elevations; (2) the high concentrations of B, As, Fe, and Mn in the waters, as well as the values of the Water Quality Index (WQI), indicated that the water quality was spatially heterogeneous and the hot-spring waters are not entirely suitable for drinking; and (3) B/Cl ratios showed that hot springs have different reservoir sources in the XSHF and XJF, respectively. The leaching of surrounding rock during water circulation contributed predominantly to the trace elements of the study’s waters. Diversity of lithology was the main factor affecting their concentrations. In addition, deep circulation controlled by the fault could influence trace-element enrichment. Our results offer a guide for the exploration and use of geothermal resources.

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Section: Mineral Saturation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements of Hot Springs in the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault Zone

Yao,

Zhou,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Water

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“…With global warming, the use of geothermal energy can help reduce environmental pollution and reduce the use of non-renewable resources [1,2]. The main objectives of geothermal hydrogeochemical studies are to determine macronutrients, trace elements, and isotopes and investigate the source of geothermal water and its chemical composition, geothermal storage temperature, hot and cold water mixing ratio, depth of geothermal water circulation, and the extent of water-rock reactions [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. One of the main characterization elements of a geothermal system is the thermal storage temperature; the establishment of an analytical model of temperature can better visualize the causes of regional geothermal anomalies [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Temperature Calculation and Modeling for Convective Geothermal Systems: Case Study of Five Major Hot Springs in Lushan, Henan, China

et al. 2023

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The thermal storage temperature and water-rock interaction process of the Lushan convective geothermal system (Qinling stratigraphic zonation fracture zone in China) are clarified by using surface cold water and geothermal fluid as the research objects. In this study, a conceptual model of the temperature profile of the geothermal system in the study area was developed using surface temperature inversion, the cation temperature scale, the SiO2 temperature scale method, the mineral equilibrium phase method, the silicon-enthalpy model, the FixAl method, and the Cl-enthalpy model. The inversion temperature at the surface is in the range of 33-39°C, and the temperature difference indicates the direction of the Checun-Lushan fracture. The study area is recharged from atmospheric precipitation, and the temperature of the recharge area is approximately 5.8–7.7°C (the temperature of the alkali field is approximately 10°C), and the recharge elevation is approximately 1200 m. The thermal storage pattern in the study area is near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage transferred to shallow thermal storage and then to deep thermal storage. The near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage temperature is at a constant temperature of 60°C, and the shallow thermal storage temperature is calculated by K-Mg and Li-Mg geothermometers to be between 99 and 112°C. The thermal storage temperature is simulated using the FixAl method, with deviation values ranging from 2.9% to 15.0%. The silicon-enthalpy model calculates the deep thermal storage temperature to be between 181 and 230°C. The mixing ratio of geothermal water in the study area is extremely high, with a cold water mixing ratio of 85.4–94.8%. The home ground fluid temperature was estimated to be approximately 282°C using the Cl-enthalpy model. The main thermally controlled conductivity channel in the study area is the Checun-Lushan fracture zone. The water vapor formed by convection at depth moves upward to approximately 5 km to form a deep thermal reservoir, and this convection and upward movement cause it to mix with cold water from the fracture zone to form a shallow thermal reservoir, which moves to the near-surface, forming a hydrothermal-type reservoir, which is later discharged in the form of a spring. The conceptual model of geothermal system temperature established in this study provides a basis for further development and utilization of Lushan hot springs and provides guidance for future thermal storage temperature calculations of convection-type geothermal systems in uplifted mountains.

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“…The Kavak geothermal field (KGF) is a faultcontrolled thermal system of meteoric origin located in the southwest of the Erenlerdag-Alacadag volcanic complex [Bayram, 1992, Bozdag, 2016, Burçak et al, 2002, Davraz et al, 2022a,b, Göçmez et al, 2005, Göçmez and Şen, 1998] (Figures 1 and 2). Using traditional methods, previous studies emphasised that water-rock interactions and decomposition processes, and argued the interaction between the thermal waters and metamorphic basement rocks played an important role in the KGF [Bozdag, 2016, Davraz et al, 2022a,b, Karaisaoglu and Orhan, 2018. However, the possible interaction between the thermal waters and volcanic rocks of the Erenlerdag-Alacadag volcanic complex (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water–rock interaction in the geothermal systems related to post-collision zone volcanism: A case study based on multivariate statistical analysis from the Kavak geothermal field (Konya, Turkey)

Gündüz,

Bozdağ,

Bayram

et al. 2023

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

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Hydrogeochemical characteristics and trace element of geothermal systems in Central Anatolia, Turkey

Cited by 12 publications

References 53 publications

Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements of Hot Springs in the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault Zone

Geochemical Characteristics of Trace Elements of Hot Springs in the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang Fault Zone

Reservoir Temperature Calculation and Modeling for Convective Geothermal Systems: Case Study of Five Major Hot Springs in Lushan, Henan, China

Water–rock interaction in the geothermal systems related to post-collision zone volcanism: A case study based on multivariate statistical analysis from the Kavak geothermal field (Konya, Turkey)

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