HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IN MOUNTAIN RWERS<sup>1</sup>

Jarrett, Robert D.

doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01381.x

Cited by 126 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Rather than looking at discrete predictors, stream types integrate the many variables that influence resistance. Another recommended application to roughness estimation is to develop specific relations of roughness and associated velocity as recently developed for "mountain streams" by Jarrett (1984Jarrett ( , 1990. In this method, equations were stratified for steeper slopes and cobble/boulder channel materials, using hydraulic radius and slope in the equations.…”

Section: Flow Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

A classification of natural rivers

Rosgen¹

1994

CATENA

1,384

1,135

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A classification system for natural rivers is presented in which a morphological arrangement of stream characteristics is organized into relatively homogeneous stream types. This paper describes morphologically similar stream reaches that are divided into 7 major stream type categories that differ in entrenchment, gradient, width/depth ratio, and sinuosity in various landforms. Within each major category are six additional types delineated by dominate channel materials from bedrock to silt/clay along a continuum of gradient ranges. Recent stream type data used to further define classification interrelationships were derived from 450 rivers throughout the U.S, Canada, and New Zealand. Data used in the development of this classification involved a great diversity of hydro-physiographic/geomorphic provinces from small to large rivers and in catchments from headwater streams in the mountains to the coastal plains. A stream hierarchical inventory system is presented which utilizes the stream classification system. Examples for use of this stream classification system for engineering, fish habitat enhancement, restoration and water resource management applications are presented. Specific examples of these applications include hydraulic geometry relations, sediment supply/availability, fish habitat structure evaluation, flow resistance, critical shear stress estimates, shear stress/velocity relations, streambank erodibility potential, management interpretations, sequences of morphological evolution, and river restoration principles. General statement -It has long been a goal of individuals working with rivers to define and understand the processes that influence the pattern and character of river systems. The differences in river systems, as well as their similarities under diverse settings, pose a real challenge for study. One axiom associated with rivers is that what initially appears complex is even more so upon further investigation. Underlying these complexities is an assortment of interrelated variables that determines the dimension, pattern, and profile of the present-day river. The resulting physical appearance and character of the river is a product of adjustment of its boundaries to the current streamflow and sediment regime. River form and fluvial process evolved simultaneously and operate through mutual adjustments toward self-stabilization. Obviously, a classification scheme risks oversimplification of a very complex system. While this may appear presumptuous, the effort to categorize river systems by channel morphology is justified in order to achieve, to some extent, the following objectives:1. Predict a river's behavior from its appearance; 2. Develop specific hydraulic and sediment relations for a given morphological channel type and state; 3. Provide 'a mechanism to extrapolate site-specific data collected on a given stream reach to those of similar character; 4. Provide a consistent and reproducible frame of reference of communication for those working with river systems in a variety of profe...

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Section: Flow Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

A classification of natural rivers

Rosgen¹

1994

CATENA

1,384

1,135

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“…Streamflow at all elevations is dominated by snowmelt runoff that produces an annual peak in late spring and early summer. Summer convective storms can also produce rainfall-runoff and flash floods at elevations below 2300 m [Jarrett, 1990]. Relations between drainage area and mean annual discharge, as developed from gage records, are strongly linear [Wohl et al, 2004], although flow in the Poudre and North Fork is highly regulated by reservoirs and diversions.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bedrock jointing on the formation of straths in the Cache la Poudre River drainage, Colorado Front Range

Wohl

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

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The North Fork Poudre and Poudre Rivers have incised deep, narrow canyons into Precambrian‐age granite and gneiss along the Colorado Front Range. Longitudinally discontinuous active strath surfaces and strath terraces are present along each river. Although the crystalline bedrock of the study area is resistant to weathering and erosion, differences in joint spacing and orientation create significant differences in rock mass strength along each river. The vertical spacing of active straths along the North Fork Poudre correlates strongly with the spacing of prominent subhorizontal joint surfaces. Strath terraces along the Poudre River occur in areas of wider valley bottom upstream from a profile convexity. Especially wide segments with the greatest downstream extent reflect the locations of shear zones that create more densely spaced joints and lower rock resistance. I interpret the absence of strath terraces in wider canyon segments downstream from the convexity to indicate that the Poudre River is capable of laterally eroding the entire valley bottom as the river incises, leaving behind only fill terraces. Upstream from the convexity, in contrast, lateral erosion has created canyon segments with wider valley bottoms, but the entire valley bottom has not been lowered at the same rate, leaving discontinuous strath terraces. The Poudre River is regionally unique in having relatively well‐developed strath terraces, but strath terraces in other major drainages of the Front Range are also only present upstream from convexities in the longitudinal profile.

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“…Such simulations are also relevant to better comprehend the hydraulic mechanism of large flood events in order to improve model structure (Beven et al, 2011;Jarrett, 1990). However, given that simulations of extreme floods are generally associated with limited data availability and large uncertainties, the question arises as to whether it is possible to achieve simulations that can be useful for contingency planning and prevention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducing an extreme flood with uncertain post-event information

Fuentes-Andino

Beven

Halldin

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Studies for the prevention and mitigation of floods require information on discharge and extent of inundation, commonly unavailable or uncertain, especially during extreme events. This study was initiated by the devastating flood in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, when Hurricane Mitch struck the city. In this study we hypothesized that it is possible to estimate, in a trustworthy way considering large data uncertainties, this extreme 1998 flood discharge and the extent of the inundations that followed from a combination of models and post-event measured data. Postevent data collected in 2000 and 2001 were used to estimate discharge peaks, times of peak, and high-water marks. These data were used in combination with rain data from two gauges to drive and constrain a combination of well-known modelling tools: TOPMODEL, Muskingum-Cunge-Todini routing, and the LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model. Simulations were performed within the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) uncertainty-analysis framework. The model combination predicted peak discharge, times of peaks, and more than 90 % of the observed highwater marks within the uncertainty bounds of the evaluation data. This allowed an inundation likelihood map to be produced. Observed high-water marks could not be reproduced at a few locations on the floodplain. Identifications of these locations are useful to improve model set-up, model structure, or post-event data-estimation methods. Rainfall data were of central importance in simulating the times of peak and results would be improved by a better spatial assessment of rainfall, e.g. from radar data or a denser rain-gauge network. Our study demonstrated that it was possible, considering the uncertainty in the post-event data, to reasonably reproduce the extreme Mitch flood in Tegucigalpa in spite of no hydrometric gauging during the event. The method proposed here can be part of a Bayesian framework in which more events can be added into the analysis as they become available.

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HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IN MOUNTAIN RWERS¹

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

A classification of natural rivers

A classification of natural rivers

The effect of bedrock jointing on the formation of straths in the Cache la Poudre River drainage, Colorado Front Range

Reproducing an extreme flood with uncertain post-event information

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HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IN MOUNTAIN RWERS1

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

A classification of natural rivers

A classification of natural rivers

The effect of bedrock jointing on the formation of straths in the Cache la Poudre River drainage, Colorado Front Range

Reproducing an extreme flood with uncertain post-event information

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HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC RESEARCH IN MOUNTAIN RWERS¹