Hydrological evolution and chemical structure of a hyper-acidic spring-lake system on Whakaari/White Island, NZ

Christenson, Bruce; White, S. M.; Britten, K.; Scott, Bradley J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.06.017

Cited by 63 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Individual interferograms (Figures S1 and S2) indicate that the deformation is localized toward the back (west) of the lake floor suggesting a shallow source. The area coincides with the location of a lava dome, which was extruded in 2012, and an active fumurole (Christenson et al, ). It is likely, given the limited extent of the deformation, that the observed subsidence and uplift are a result of changes in the shallow hydrothermal system around the fumerole rather than any deeper‐seated processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…It is likely, given the limited extent of the deformation, that the observed subsidence and uplift are a result of changes in the shallow hydrothermal system around the fumerole rather than any deeper-seated processes. In addition to these observations supporting a link between the lake and deformation around the crater floor (Christenson et al, 2017), they suggest that the effect of the lake extends well beyond the crater floor and highlights the delicate feedback between the hydrothermal system and stability of the volcanoes fragile edifice.…”

Section: 1002/2017gl075572mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…At White Island, cycles of subsidence and uplift observed by leveling data has been attributed to magma withdrawal (Peltier et al, 2009), thermoelastic responses of crater floor materials (Fournier & Chardot, 2012;Peltier et al, 2009), and pressurization of the hydrothermal system (Fournier & Chardot, 2012). Inflation of the main crater floor and its correlation to the lake level is thought to be, at least in part, a result of hydrostatic loading which is distributed through the crater floor via the fumerolic system (Christenson et al, 2017). Unlike the leveling data, which have been restricted to the main crater floor, the removal of the crater lake following the eruption allows interferograms to retain coherence over large areas of the lake floor which have previously been unobservable (Figures S1 and S2).…”

Section: 1002/2017gl075572mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crater Lake Controls on Volcano Stability: Insights From White Island, New Zealand

Hamling

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Many volcanoes around the world host summit crater lakes but their influence on the overall stability of the edifice remains poorly understood. Here I use satellite radar data acquired by TerraSAR‐X from early 2015 to July 2017 over White Island, New Zealand, to investigate the interaction of the crater lake and deformation of the surrounding edifice. An eruption in April 2016 was preceded by a period of uplift within the crater floor and drop in the lake level. Modeling of the uplift indicates a shallow source located at ∼100 m depth in the vicinity of the crater lake, likely coinciding with the shallow hydrothermal system. In addition to the drop in the lake level, stress changes induced by the inflation suggest that the pressurization of the shallow hydrothermal system helped promote failure along the edge of the crater lake which collapsed during the eruption. After the eruption, and almost complete removal of the crater lake, large areas of the crater wall and lake edge began moving downslope at rates approaching 400 mm/yr. The coincidence between the rapid increase in the displacement rates and removal of the crater lake suggests that the lake provides a physical control on the stability of the surrounding edifice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: 1002/2017gl075572mentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: 1002/2017gl075572mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crater Lake Controls on Volcano Stability: Insights From White Island, New Zealand

Hamling

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Geochemistry of Major Components and C/S Ratio Chemical composition of the gases is shown in Table 1. The second case can be observed at Poas (Costa Rica) and White Island (New Zealand) volcanoes (Christenson et al, 2017;Fischer et al, 2015;Giggenbach et al, 2003;. Only for fumaroles of Pallas volcano the lower temperatures correspond (but not systematically) to some higher water content in the range of 939-986 mmol/mol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The first case is probably related to fumaroles of Sinarka and Pallas volcanoes and is similar to low-temperature fumaroles of Satsuma Iwojima volcano, Japan (Shinohara et al, 1993). The second case can be observed at Poas (Costa Rica) and White Island (New Zealand) volcanoes (Christenson et al, 2017;Fischer et al, 2015;Giggenbach et al, 2003;.…”

Section: Chemical and Isotopic Composition Of Gases 411 Geochemistmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gas Emissions From Volcanoes of the Kuril Island Arc (NW Pacific): Geochemistry and Fluxes

Taran

Zelenski

Chaplygin

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The Kuril Island arc extending for about 1,200 km from Kamchatka Peninsula to Hokkaido Island is a typical active subduction zone with ∼40 historically active subaerial volcanoes, some of which are persistently degassing. Seven Kurilian volcanoes (Ebeko, Sinarka, Kuntomintar, Chirinkotan, Pallas, Berg, and Kudryavy) on six islands (Paramushir, Shiashkotan, Chirinkotan, Ketoy, Urup, and Iturup) emit into the atmosphere > 90% of the total fumarolic gas of the arc. During the field campaigns in 2015–2017 direct sampling of fumaroles, MultiGas measurements of the fumarolic plumes and DOAS remote determinations of the SO2 flux were conducted on these volcanoes. Maximal temperatures of the fumaroles in 2015–2016 were 510°C (Ebeko), 440°C (Sinarka), 260°C (Kuntomintar), 720°C (Pallas), and 820°C (Kudryavy). The total SO2 flux (in metric tons per day) from fumarolic fields of the studied volcanoes was measured as ∼1,800 ± 300 t/d, and the CO2 flux is estimated as 1,250 ± 400 t/d. Geochemical characteristics of the sampled gases include δD and δ18O of fumarolic condensates, δ13C of CO2, δ34S of the total sulfur, ratios 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar, concentrations of the major gas species, and trace elements in the volcanic gas condensates. The mole ratios C/S are generally <1. All volcanoes of the arc, except the southernmost Mendeleev and Golovnin volcanoes on Kunashir Island, emit gases with 3He/4He values of >7RA (where RA is the atmospheric 3He/4He). The highest 3He/4He ratios of 8.3RA were measured in fumaroles of the Pallas volcano (Ketoy Island) in the middle of the arc.

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Monitoring of Volcanic Fluids

Moune

Roulleau

2022

Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity 3

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Hydrological evolution and chemical structure of a hyper-acidic spring-lake system on Whakaari/White Island, NZ

Cited by 63 publications

References 53 publications

Crater Lake Controls on Volcano Stability: Insights From White Island, New Zealand

Crater Lake Controls on Volcano Stability: Insights From White Island, New Zealand

Gas Emissions From Volcanoes of the Kuril Island Arc (NW Pacific): Geochemistry and Fluxes

Monitoring of Volcanic Fluids

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