Hydronephrosis and Pyonephrosis

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent clinical problem in infants and children, and they may develop into serious complications with long-term sequelae. Their prevalence varies according to age and sex: males are more inter-ested in the neonatal period and in the first year of age, while females are more involved after that time. The clinical outcome and the severity of UTIs depend on many risk factors including uri-nary tract malformations and dysfunctions, viru-lence and properties of the pathogen, host response to the infection, and promptness of diagnosis and management.Febrile UTIs usually are the result of a pyelo-nephritis, but more serious and uncommon pre-sentation such as renal abscess and a pyonephrosis may occur and they are clinically indistinguish-able from pyelonephritis. Various manifestations