Hydroprocessing of oleic acid for the production of aviation turbine fuel range hydrocarbons over bimetallic Fe-Cu/SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts promoted by Sn, Ti and Zr

Drop-in biofuels production from microalgae to hydrocarbons: Microalgal cultivation and harvesting, conversion pathways, economics and prospects for aviation

“…Similarly, Ayandiran et al studied the potential of copper and iron-based catalysts supported on aluminosilicate. When operating at 300°C and 20 bar of H2 pressure, they demonstrated that yield and selectivity could be improved from 59.5% and 73.6% [191] to 71.7% and 76.8%, respectively, when promoting the catalyst with 1%wt of tin [192]. Finally, Xing et al evaluated the hydro-processing of a mixture of fatty acids over Ni/HZSM-5, which included hydrogenation, hydrocracking and aromatization via the Diels-Alder reactions [193].…”

Hydroprocessing of oleic acid for production of jet fuel range hydrocarbons over Sn(1)‐Fe(3)‐Cu(13)/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst: Process parameters optimization, kinetics, and thermodynamic study

“…Hence, the selection of levels for the four factors in this work was based on our previous work. 15 Hydrogen pressure and catalyst concentration were operating parameters and were varied by Lin et al 17 Temperature (300-340 C), reaction time (6-10 h), and catalyst concentration (2-8 wt. %) were the independent variables chosen in the present study.…”

“…This shows the mild cracking nature of the catalyst, which is required for higher selectivity of jet fuel range hydrocarbons. 15 3.2 | Modeling and optimization of hydroprocessing of oleic acid…”

“…The surface area and stability of copper catalysts can also be improved by tin. 15 Copper and iron loadings were optimized for oleic acid hydroprocessing for production of jet fuel range hydrocarbons in our previous work. 13 The role played by catalysts' active sites is complemented using support with optimized Bronsted acid sites in order to achieve a balance between production of hydrocarbons lower than C 8 and those that are higher than C 16 .…”

“…The promising results are attributed to the crystallite size of its copper phase, high surface area, and weak metal support interaction. 15 Higher selectivity of jet fuel range hydrocarbons was achieved due to the promotional effects of Sn.…”