Hydrothermal carbonization: Process water characterization and effects of water recirculation

Stemann, Jan; Putschew, Anke; Ziegler, Felix

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.098

Cited by 231 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the solid yield was relatively low. Recovery of liquid product should be considered in the application (Stemann et al 2013). 2.…”

Section: Structural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Guo¹,

Dong²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lawn grass was carried out at 200 °C and 240 °C for 30 to 180 min. The chemical, energetic, and structural characteristics of HTC solid residues were investigated. Results from HTC experiments indicate that solid mass yield of all solid residues was 31 to 50%. The hydrogen/carbon (H/C) and oxygen/carbon (O/C) atomic ratios of all solid residues were 1.17 to 1.64 and 0.45 to 0.65, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) increased up to 20.54 MJ/kg with increasing HTC residence time at 240 °C for 180 min. Both XRD patterns and FTIR spectra show that differences occur with samples treated as compared to the raw material. Solid hydrochar exhibited higher ordered structure characteristics and was mainly derived from amorphous components degradation when the residence time was increased from 30 to 180 min at 200 °C, while hydrochar formed from cellulose components degradation with increased residence time at 240 °C. According to the results studied, it was found that prolonged residence time was favorable to the formation of hydrochar from lawn grass.

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“…However, the solid yield was relatively low. Recovery of liquid product should be considered in the application (Stemann et al 2013). 2.…”

Section: Structural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Guo¹,

Dong²,

Liu³

et al. 2015

BioResources

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“…The interest on hydrochar is motivated by the wide range of potential applications it could have: as a solid fuel (Lu et al, 2011;Hwang et al, 2012;Román et al, 2012;Castello et al, 2014), as a soil improver , as a sorbent (Demir-Cakan et al, 2009), as a highly functionalized carbon material (Titirici and Antonietti, 2010), or as an activated carbon precursor (Unur, 2013). Up to now, HTC process has been widely studied by many authors (Funke and Ziegler, 2010;Libra et al, 2011;Stemann et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of off-specification compost: A byproduct of the organic municipal solid waste treatment

Basso

Weiss-Hortala

Patuzzi

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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The possibility to apply the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process to off-specification compost (EWC 19.05.03) at present landfilled was investigated in this work. The aim was to produce a carbonaceous solid fuel for energy valorization, with the perspective of using HTC as a complementary technology to common organic waste treatments. Thus, samples of EWC 19.05.03 produced by a composting plant were processed through HTC in a batch reactor. Analytical activities allowed to characterize the HTC products and their yields. The hydrochar was characterized in terms of heating value, thermal stability and C, H, O, N, S and ash content. The liquid phase was characterized in terms of total organic carbon and mineral content. The composition of the gas phase was measured. Results show that the produced hydrochar has a great potentiality for use as solid fuel.

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“…The HTC method has usually been used for a wide range of biomass feedstocks [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], where the effect of temperature, residence (carbonization) time, and carbonization yields have been studied. In the case of sewage sludge, the hydrothermal carbonization process was not so widely investigated, but studies were largely focused on the properties of solid product, energy recovery rate, hydrochar yields and its combustion characteristic, and improved dewaterability of sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method of sewage sludge pre-treatment - HTC

Wilk

2016

E3S Web Conf.

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Abstract. The aim of the paper is to present a relatively new technology -hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of municipal sewage sludge. The HTC process was conducted in a stainless steel, Zipperclave Stirred Reactor, with a volume of 1000 ml, equipped with a MagneDrive Agitator. The control panel provides a programme which regulates the heater temperature and mixer speed. The main parameters of the process were temperature (~200C), pressure (~1.5 MPa) and residence time (4, 7, 10, and 12 h). In order to understand the process, the physical, chemical, thermal, and structural characteristics of the solid product, hydrochar, was investigated. Therefore, the ultimate and proximate analyses, and HHV for raw material and obtained hydrochar are presented. The majority of carbon, of the initial present carbon, remained within hydrochar. TA analysis was used to detect the initial and final temperature for the combustion of raw material and hydrochar. This technique is very useful for predicting the combustion characteristics of carbonaceous material. When considering the use of hydrochar as a solid fuel, more energy can be derived from hydrochar than from e.g. incineration of waste, and its carbon emission should be less significant. Therefore, HTC can be an environmentally beneficial technique for the combustion process.

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Hydrothermal carbonization: Process water characterization and effects of water recirculation

Cited by 231 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Chemical, Energetic, and Structural Characteristics of Hydrothermal Carbonization Solid Products for Lawn Grass

Hydrothermal carbonization of off-specification compost: A byproduct of the organic municipal solid waste treatment

A novel method of sewage sludge pre-treatment - HTC

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