Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Nickel(II) Coordination Polymer with 1,1ʹ-Biphenyl-2,2ʹ-dicarboxylato- 6,6ʹ-dicarboxylic Acid and 2,2ʹ:6,2ʺ-Terpyridine Ligands

Abstract

Purpose. Female runners are known to be at greater risk from chronic running injuries than age-matched males, although the exact mechanisms are often poorly understood. The aim of the current investigation was to determine if female recreational runners exhibit distinct limb and joint stiffness characteristics in relation to their male counterparts. Methods. Fourteen male and fourteen female runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m · s -1 . Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. Measures of limb and joint stiffness were calculated as a function of limb length and joint moments divided by the extent of limb and joint excursion. All stiffness and joint moment parameters were normalized to body mass. Sex differences in normalized limb and knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests. Results. The results indicate that normalized limb (male = 0.18 ± 0.07, female = 0.37 ± 0.10 kN · kg · m -1 ) and knee stiffness (male = 5.59 ± 2.02, female = 7.34 ± 1.78 Nm · kg · rad -1 ) were significantly greater in female runners. Conclusions. On the basis that normalized knee and limb stiffness were shown to be significantly greater in female runners, the findings from the current investigation may provide further insight into the aetiology of the distinct injury patterns observed between sexes.

A 3-D lanthanide coordination polymer constructed from biphenyl-2,2′,6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid: synthesis of a trinodal (3,4,5)-connected topology and luminescence

“…Multidentate organic polycarboxylates, such as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate [40][41][42][43], 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate [44][45][46][47], and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate [48][49][50], have been used for construction of coordination polymers with multidimensional networks. We and others have used biphenyl-2,2′,6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid (H 4 bta) to yield discrete dinuclear complexes, 1D polymers, and 2D and 3D frameworks [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. The ligand has some unique features (Scheme 1): (a) it has a variety of coordination modes and completely/partially deprotonated forms with four carboxylic groups; (b) it is a flexible ligand and the two phenyl rings can rotate around the C-C single bond, which may help to construct chiral coordination polymers due to noncoplanarity of the phenyl rings; (c) it possesses D 2d symmetry, which is easy for assembly of higher symmetrical topological networks.…”

“…The ligand has some unique features (Scheme 1): (a) it has a variety of coordination modes and completely/partially deprotonated forms with four carboxylic groups; (b) it is a flexible ligand and the two phenyl rings can rotate around the C-C single bond, which may help to construct chiral coordination polymers due to noncoplanarity of the phenyl rings; (c) it possesses D 2d symmetry, which is easy for assembly of higher symmetrical topological networks. However, complexes based on H 4 bta mainly focus on Ag(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni (II) ions, and no lanthanide coordination polymer has been reported so far [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”