Hydroxy decenoic acid down regulates gtfB and gtfC expression and prevents Streptococcus mutans adherence to the cell surfaces

Abstract

Background10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid is the most active and unique component to the royal jelly that has antimicrobial properties. Streptococcus mutans is associated with pathogenesis of oral cavity, gingivoperiodontal diseases and bacteremia following dental manipulations. In the oral cavity, S. mutans colonize the soft tissues including tongue, palate, and buccal mucosa. When considering the role of supragingival dental plaque in caries, the proportion of acid producing bacteria (particularly S. mutans), has direct relevance to the pathogenicity of the plaque. The genes that encode glucosyltransferases (gtfs) especially gtfB and gtfC are important in S. mutans colonization and pathogenesis. This study investigated the hydroxy-decenoic acid (HDA) effects on gtfB and gtfC expression and S. mutans adherence to cells surfaces.MethodsStreptococcus mutans was treated by different concentrations of HPLC purified HDA supplied by Iran Beekeeping and Veterinary Association. Real time RT-PCR and western blot assays were conducted to evaluate gtfB and gtfC genes transcription and translation before and after HDA treatment. The bacterial attachment to the cell surfaces was evaluated microscopically.Results500 μg ml-1 of HDA inhibited gtfB and gtfC mRNA transcription and its expression. The same concentration of HDA decreased 60% the adherence of S. mutans to the surface of P19 cells.ConclusionHydroxy-decenoic acid prevents gtfB and gtfC expression efficiently in the bactericide sub-concentrations and it could effectively reduce S. mutans adherence to the cell surfaces. In the future, therapeutic approaches to affecting S. mutans could be selective and it’s not necessary to put down the oral flora completely.

Genome sequencing and analysis of the first complete genome ofLactobacillus kunkeeistrain MP2, anApis melliferagut isolate

“…GtfC (as well as GftB), is also considered a virulence factor in S. mutants , promoting bacterial adhesion to smooth surfaces and cells ( Tsumori & Kuramitsu, 1997 ). Also, GtfC is part of the synthesis route of a mixture of insoluble and soluble glucans, which are important components of cariogenic biofilms ( Yousefi et al, 2012 ). Considering the rich carbohydrate environment where L. kunkeei can survive, the presence of unique glucosyltransferase genes, such as gftC , could facilitate bacterial colonization of flowers, as well as the honey bee gut.…”

Food to some, poison to others - honeybee royal jelly and its growth inhibiting effect on European Foulbrood bacteria

“…Whereas honeybee defensin has been shown to only affect gram‐positive bacteria (Fujiwara et al., ), 10‐HDA inhibits both, gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria but only at comparatively high concentrations (minimum inhibitory concentration: 0.5–2 mg/ml for gram‐positive; not determined for gram‐negative bacteria) (Blum et al., ; Garcia et al., ; Yousefi et al., ). Thus, the relatively low amounts of 10‐HDA in the 2–10% RJ water extracts (0.05–0.23 mg 10‐HDA/ml) do not add to the antibiotic effect in this study.…”

“…We are only aware of three studies on the antibiotic effect of RJ on the EFB‐associated bacteria P. alvei (Lavie, ) and E. faecalis (Garcia, Finola, & Marioli, ; Sauerwald, Polster, Bengsch, Niessen, & Vogel, ) with Pierre Lavie indicating that this effect is not only attributable to the fatty acid 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid (10‐HDA) (Lavie, ), which had previously been identified as an antibiotic compound (Blum, Novak, & Taber, ; Garcia et al., ; Yousefi et al., ). It has been shown that one mode by which 10‐HDA interferes with bacteria is by inhibiting the biosynthesis of glucan polymers, which are critical for the adherence of Streptococcus mutans to eukaryotic cell surfaces (Yousefi et al., ). In addition to 10‐HDA, also the protein components of RJ have been investigated for antibacterial properties.…”

The Lyophilization Process Maintains the Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Royal Jelly

“…Streptococcus mutans (bacterium associated with dental caries) also is susceptible to 10H2DA, which decreases the adherence of the bacterium to the cell surfaces and prevents gtfB and gtfC expression (genes that encode glucosyltransferases, which are important in S. mutans colonization and pathogenesis) [ 30 ].…”